Screening for Postpartum Depression Using EPDS and HAM-D in Mothers Within 72 Hours After Delivery at a Tertiary Care Center (SOS-Mamma Study)

NCT ID: NCT07025902

Last Updated: 2025-06-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 273 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-07-15
• Study Completion Date: 2027-12-01

Brief Summary

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common complications affecting maternal mental health after childbirth, with an estimated prevalence of 10-20% in high-income countries. Despite its frequency and the availability of effective screening tools, early diagnosis remains largely underestimated in routine clinical care.

This study, part of the national SOS-Mamma project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, aims to systematically screen for signs of postpartum depression in women giving birth at a tertiary care obstetric unit (AOU Vanvitelli - UOC of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naples, Italy). The goal is to promote early detection and timely referral to specialized care pathways.

The study is a prospective, observational, monocentric, non-interventional, non-pharmacological study. All eligible women who deliver at the hospital will be invited to participate within the first 72 hours after childbirth. Participants will be asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) - a widely used self-report questionnaire - and will undergo a brief clinical interview using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), conducted by trained healthcare staff.

The study's primary objective is to estimate the real-world incidence of postpartum depression within this population. Secondary objectives include identifying socio-demographic and obstetric risk factors associated with depressive symptoms, assessing the acceptability and feasibility of routine screening, and contributing to the development of a replicable model of care aligned with international recommendations (NICE, WHO, ISS).

Collected data will be anonymized and analyzed to provide evidence on early indicators of PPD and guide improvements in clinical care. Women identified as being at risk (e.g., EPDS >10 or presence of suicidal ideation) will be referred to specialist psychiatric services in accordance with clinical guidelines.

Participation in the study is voluntary. All procedures comply with European data protection regulations and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) principles. No experimental treatments are involved, and no changes to standard care will be made based on study participation.

By highlighting the need for structured mental health screening in the postpartum period, this study hopes to improve maternal wellbeing and reduce the long-term impact of undiagnosed depression on mothers and their children.

Detailed Description

This clinical study is part of the national project SOS-Mamma ("Holistic Support Pathways for Maternal Psychological Wellbeing"), funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Programma CCM 2024). The present protocol outlines a prospective, observational, monocentric, non-pharmacological, non-interventional study, aiming to estimate the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) and evaluate the clinical feasibility of implementing a standardized screening protocol in a real-life maternity care setting.

The study is conducted at a tertiary-level obstetric and gynecologic unit (AOU Vanvitelli - UOC of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naples, Italy), over a planned recruitment period of 24 months. Eligible participants include women delivering live-born infants at ≥35 weeks of gestation, who are clinically stable, able to consent, and able to complete the questionnaires in Italian or English.

Screening Protocol

Within 72 hours after delivery, enrolled participants will undergo a standardized two-step screening process for depressive symptoms:

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): a validated self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms over the previous two weeks.

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D): a clinician-administered scale evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms via a 17-item structured interview.

Clinical, socio-demographic, and obstetric data will be collected from medical records and patient interviews, including maternal age, parity, education level, marital status, occupational status, pregnancy complications, delivery mode, neonatal outcomes (e.g., Apgar score, NICU admission), and psychiatric history.

Primary Objective To estimate the incidence of postpartum depression within 72 hours postpartum using validated screening instruments (EPDS and HAM-D) in a real-world clinical population.

Secondary Objectives To identify clinical and socio-demographic risk factors associated with depressive symptoms.

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a systematic screening protocol in postpartum care.

To generate evidence for a scalable model of early detection and referral for maternal mental health disorders in accordance with international guidelines (NICE, WHO, ISS).

Sample Size and Statistical Considerations Based on previous epidemiological data (expected prevalence of PPD ~19% in the local population), a sample size of at least 273 women is calculated to detect ≥53 cases of postpartum depression, with an alpha of 0.05 and statistical power >80%. This sample will allow for robust estimation of incidence and risk factor associations.

Data analysis will include descriptive statistics, bivariate comparisons (e.g., chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U), and multivariate logistic regression models to identify independent predictors of depressive symptoms. The software MedCalc (v23.2.1) will be used for all analyses.

Quality Assurance and Data Management Data anonymization will be implemented immediately after collection using a study-specific alphanumeric code.

Data will be stored in a secure, password-protected electronic database accessible only to authorized research personnel.

Data quality control will include double entry checks, logic checks for consistency and range, and periodic review by the Principal Investigator.

The study team will follow Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for recruitment, informed consent, questionnaire administration, data recording, and adverse event documentation.

All research staff involved in data collection and screening will be trained in Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and use of the screening instruments.

Adverse events (including psychological distress triggered by the screening process) will be recorded, reported, and referred to psychiatric evaluation per protocol.

Handling of Missing Data In case of missing, inconsistent, or uninterpretable data, predefined coding will be used to distinguish between non-response, refusal, technical error, or medical unsuitability. Missing data will be analyzed descriptively and handled via appropriate imputation or exclusion methods depending on their frequency and pattern.

Ethical and Regulatory Compliance This study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, GCP, GDPR (EU Regulation 2016/679), and applicable national laws. Ethical approval has been requested from the competent ethics committee, and informed consent will be obtained from all participants.

Dissemination and Transparency Findings will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication and presented at scientific conferences, irrespective of the outcome. The dataset may be made available for secondary analysis upon justified request, following ethical and regulatory approval.

Conditions

Post Partum Depression

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Postpartum Women Screened Within 72 Hours After Delivery

This cohort consists of postpartum women who deliver a live-born infant at ≥35 weeks of gestation and are clinically stable. Participants are screened within 72 hours after childbirth using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The study includes both women with and without depressive symptoms, allowing comparison within the cohort based on screening results. The purpose is to assess the incidence of postpartum depression and identify associated socio-demographic or obstetric risk factors in a real-world clinical setting

Standardized Psychological Screening Using EPDS and HAM-D

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Participants will undergo a standardized psychological screening protocol for postpartum depression within 72 hours after delivery. The protocol includes: (1) completion of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms; and (2) administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), a 17-item clinician-administered tool for evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms. The combined use of these tools allows early detection and stratification of postpartum depressive symptoms in a clinical population.

Interventions

Standardized Psychological Screening Using EPDS and HAM-D

Participants will undergo a standardized psychological screening protocol for postpartum depression within 72 hours after delivery. The protocol includes: (1) completion of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms; and (2) administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), a 17-item clinician-administered tool for evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms. The combined use of these tools allows early detection and stratification of postpartum depressive symptoms in a clinical population.

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Multiple pregnancy (e.g., twins or higher-order gestations)

Major psychiatric diagnosis under active treatment at the time of delivery (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)

Severe language barriers preventing adequate understanding of the consent form or questionnaires

Neonatal death or congenital anomalies requiring prolonged NICU admission

Maternal age <18 or ≥45 years at delivery

Gestational age at birth <35 weeks

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 45 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Marco La Verde

M.D., researcher and PhD student

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Largo Madonna delle grazie 1

Naples, , Italy

Countries

Italy

Central Contacts

Marco La Verde, MD, researcher, PhD student

Role: CONTACT

marco.laverde@unicampania.it

+393389412266 ext. +39

Facility Contacts

Marco La Verde, MD, researcher, PhD student

Role: primary

marco.laverde@unicampania.it

+393389412266 ext. +39

References

Luciano M, Di Vincenzo M, Brandi C, Tretola L, Toricco R, Perris F, Volpicelli A, Torella M, La Verde M, Fiorillo A, Sampogna G. Does antenatal depression predict post-partum depression and obstetric complications? Results from a longitudinal, long-term, real-world study. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Dec 14;13:1082762. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1082762. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 36590632 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

0017100/i

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id