POTS-FLOW: Interplay Between Gut Hormones and Autonomic Postprandial Blood Flow Regulation in Patients With POTS

NCT ID: NCT07019519

Last Updated: 2025-06-13

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-03-15
• Study Completion Date: 2026-09-30

Brief Summary

This study will describe the interplay between the gut hormones GIP and CCK and their regulation of blood flow to the large vessels in patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and GIP, CCK and GLP-1 in healthy. This is addressed by hormone infusions during MR-scans of the abdomen and intake of oral glucose.

Detailed Description

Each participant will attend independent randomized experimental days with MR-scans during and intravenous infusions of hormones or placebo and ingestion of glucose or water. A continuous intravenous infusion of either GIP(3-30)NH2, CCK8- or saline for POTS-group or GIP(3-30)NH2, CCK-8, saline or exendin(9-39)NH2 in healthy is started while the participant lie in the scanner while scans, blood samples and questionnaires are repeated over the time course of 2 hours. At a specific timepoint the participants will ingest 75 g of glucose dissolved in 250 ml water.

Conditions

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS); Healthy

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Saline

Saline infusion, oral glucose (POTS and healthy)

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Saline/Placebo

Intervention Type: OTHER

NaCl(9mg/ml)

GIP antagonist

GIP(3-30)NH2 infusion, oral glucose (POTS and healthy)

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

GIPR antagonist

Intervention Type: OTHER

GIP(3-30)NH2

GLP-1 antagonist

Exendin(9-39)NH2 infusion, oral glucose (only in healthy)

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

GLP-1R antagonist

Intervention Type: OTHER

GLP-1(9-39)NH2

CCK agonist

CCK-8 infusion, oral glucose (POTS and healthy)

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

CCK agonist

Intervention Type: OTHER

CCK-8

Interventions

Saline/Placebo

NaCl(9mg/ml)

Intervention Type: OTHER

GIPR antagonist

GIP(3-30)NH2

Intervention Type: OTHER

GLP-1R antagonist

GLP-1(9-39)NH2

Intervention Type: OTHER

CCK agonist

CCK-8

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Previously diagnosed with POTS in tilt test or active stand-test (either newly diagnosed within last 3 months or in new tilt test/active stand test during screenings visit)
• Reproducible orthostatic intolerance with raise in HR on >30 bpm when standing within 10 minutes of change of supine to standing in age >19 years or >40 bpm in age 18-19 years.
• POTS symptoms/orthostatic intolerance
• Age 18-50
• Waist ratio <180 cm

• Age 18-50
• Waist ratio <180 cm
• Matched a POTS patient in age, sex and BMI

Exclusion Criteria

• Chronic illness
• Metallic implants
• Above 10 alcoholic drinks or week or substance abuse
• Other types of sinus tachycardia or heart disease
• Liverenzymes two times above normal values
• Decreased kidney function eGFR <90 or elevated kreatinkinasis
• Thyroid disease or TSH out of reference
• Uncontrollable low or high blood pressure
• Blood vessels that cannot be visualized on MR
• Any disease that might influence the health of the participant during the study or participants that receives medicine that cannot be paused for 36 hours

• Chronic illness
• Metallic implants
• Above 10 alcoholic drinks or week or substance abuse
• POTS; other types of sinus tachycardia or heart disease
• Liverenzymes two times above normal values
• Decreased kidney function eGFR <90 or elevated kreatinkinasis
• Thyroid disease or TSH out of reference
• Uncontrollable low or high blood pressure, Orthostatic hypotension
• Blood vessels that cannot be visualized on MR
• Any disease that might influence the health of the participant during the study or participants that receives medicine that cannot be paused for 36 hours

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Rigshospitalet, Denmark

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Copenhagen

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Lærke S Gasbjerg, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet

Locations

Rigshospitalet

Copenhagen, , Denmark

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Denmark

Central Contacts

Sophie W Nielsen, MD

Role: CONTACT

sophie.nielsen@sund.ku.dk

+ 45 27 26 79 94

Lærke S Gasbjerg, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

lsg@sund.ku.dk

+45 25 34 68 94

Facility Contacts

Sophie W Nielsen, MD

Role: primary

sophie.nielsen@sund.ku.dk

27 26 79 94 ext. +45

References

Someya N, Endo MY, Fukuba Y, Hayashi N. Blood flow responses in celiac and superior mesenteric arteries in the initial phase of digestion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Jun;294(6):R1790-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00553.2007. Epub 2008 Apr 2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18385466 (View on PubMed)

Parker DR, Carlisle K, Cowan FJ, Corrall RJ, Read AE. Postprandial mesenteric blood flow in humans: relationship to endogenous gastrointestinal hormone secretion and energy content of food. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1995 May;7(5):435-40.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 7614106 (View on PubMed)

Randall EB, Billeschou A, Brinth LS, Mehlsen J, Olufsen MS. A model-based analysis of autonomic nervous function in response to the Valsalva maneuver. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Nov 1;127(5):1386-1402. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00015.2019. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31369335 (View on PubMed)

Mehr SE, Barbul A, Shibao CA. Gastrointestinal symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res. 2018 Aug;28(4):411-421. doi: 10.1007/s10286-018-0519-x. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29549458 (View on PubMed)

Breier NC, Paranjape SY, Scudder S, Mehr SE, Diedrich A, Flynn CR, Okamoto LE, Hartmann B, Gasbjerg LS, Shibao CA. Worsening Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Secretion. Hypertension. 2022 May;79(5):e89-e99. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17852. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 35232225 (View on PubMed)

Koffert J, Honka H, Teuho J, Kauhanen S, Hurme S, Parkkola R, Oikonen V, Mari A, Lindqvist A, Wierup N, Groop L, Nuutila P. Effects of meal and incretins in the regulation of splanchnic blood flow. Endocr Connect. 2017 Apr;6(3):179-187. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0015. Epub 2017 Mar 3.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28258126 (View on PubMed)

Asmar M, Asmar A, Simonsen L, Gasbjerg LS, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Rosenkilde MM, Hartmann B, Dela F, Holst JJ, Bulow J. The Gluco- and Liporegulatory and Vasodilatory Effects of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Are Abolished by an Antagonist of the Human GIP Receptor. Diabetes. 2017 Sep;66(9):2363-2371. doi: 10.2337/db17-0480. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28667118 (View on PubMed)

Asmar M, Simonsen L, Madsbad S, Stallknecht B, Holst JJ, Bulow J. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans. Diabetes. 2010 Sep;59(9):2160-3. doi: 10.2337/db10-0098. Epub 2010 Jun 14.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 20547981 (View on PubMed)

Zadourian A, Doherty TA, Swiatkiewicz I, Taub PR. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Management. Drugs. 2018 Jul;78(10):983-994. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0931-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29943373 (View on PubMed)

Shaw BH, Stiles LE, Bourne K, Green EA, Shibao CA, Okamoto LE, Garland EM, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Raj V, Sheldon RS, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Raj SR. The face of postural tachycardia syndrome - insights from a large cross-sectional online community-based survey. J Intern Med. 2019 Oct;286(4):438-448. doi: 10.1111/joim.12895. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30861229 (View on PubMed)

Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, Benditt DG, Benarroch E, Biaggioni I, Cheshire WP, Chelimsky T, Cortelli P, Gibbons CH, Goldstein DS, Hainsworth R, Hilz MJ, Jacob G, Kaufmann H, Jordan J, Lipsitz LA, Levine BD, Low PA, Mathias C, Raj SR, Robertson D, Sandroni P, Schatz I, Schondorff R, Stewart JM, van Dijk JG. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Apr;21(2):69-72. doi: 10.1007/s10286-011-0119-5. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21431947 (View on PubMed)

Thomsen RW, Ozturk B, Pedersen L, Nicolaisen SK, Petersen I, Olsen J, Sorensen HT. Hospital Records of Pain, Fatigue, or Circulatory Symptoms in Girls Exposed to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Cohort, Self-Controlled Case Series, and Population Time Trend Studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2020 Apr 2;189(4):277-285. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz284.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31899791 (View on PubMed)

Mar PL, Raj SR. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Mechanisms and New Therapies. Annu Rev Med. 2020 Jan 27;71:235-248. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041818-011630. Epub 2019 Aug 14.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31412221 (View on PubMed)

Stewart JM, Medow MS, Glover JL, Montgomery LD. Persistent splanchnic hyperemia during upright tilt in postural tachycardia syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Feb;290(2):H665-73. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00784.2005. Epub 2005 Sep 2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16143646 (View on PubMed)

Stewart JM, Montgomery LD. Regional blood volume and peripheral blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):H1319-27. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00086.2004. Epub 2004 Apr 29.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15117717 (View on PubMed)

Stewart JM, Pianosi P, Shaban MA, Terilli C, Svistunova M, Visintainer P, Medow MS. Postural Hyperventilation as a Cause of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Increased Systemic Vascular Resistance and Decreased Cardiac Output When Upright in All Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Variants. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jun 30;7(13):e008854. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008854.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29960989 (View on PubMed)

Tani H, Singer W, McPhee BR, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Haruma K, Kajiyama G, Low PA. Splanchnic-mesenteric capacitance bed in the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Auton Neurosci. 2000 Dec 28;86(1-2):107-13. doi: 10.1016/S1566-0702(00)00205-8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11269915 (View on PubMed)

Jacob G, Costa F, Shannon JR, Robertson RM, Wathen M, Stein M, Biaggioni I, Ertl A, Black B, Robertson D. The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 5;343(14):1008-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200010053431404.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11018167 (View on PubMed)

Mustafa HI, Garland EM, Biaggioni I, Black BK, Dupont WD, Robertson D, Raj SR. Abnormalities of angiotensin regulation in postural tachycardia syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2011 Mar;8(3):422-8. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.11.009. Epub 2011 Jan 22.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21266211 (View on PubMed)

Knoop I, Picariello F, Jenkinson E, Gall N, Chisari C, Moss-Morris R. Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A narrative review of observational and interventional studies. Auton Neurosci. 2023 Jan;244:103052. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103052. Epub 2022 Nov 18.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 36525900 (View on PubMed)

Pugliese D, Ohnishi K, Tsunoda T, Sabba C, Albano O. Portal hemodynamics after meal in normal subjects and in patients with chronic liver disease studied by echo-Doppler flowmeter. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987 Oct;82(10):1052-6.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2959148 (View on PubMed)

Norryd C, Denker H, Lunderquist A, Olin T, Tylen U. Superior mesenteric blood flow during digestion in man. Acta Chir Scand. 1975;141(3):197-202.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1166743 (View on PubMed)

Takala J. Determinants of splanchnic blood flow. Br J Anaesth. 1996 Jul;77(1):50-8. doi: 10.1093/bja/77.1.50. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8703630 (View on PubMed)

Parsonage W, Hetmanski D, Cowley A. Differentiation of the metabolic and vascular effects of insulin in insulin resistance in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Mar 15;89(6):696-703. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02342-6.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11897212 (View on PubMed)

Bremholm L, Andersen UB, Hornum M, Hilsted L, Veedfald S, Hartmann B, Holst JJ. Acute effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-19-36 amide, and exenatide on mesenteric blood flow, cardiovascular parameters, and biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Physiol Rep. 2017 Feb;5(4):e13102. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13102.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28235974 (View on PubMed)

Waaler BA, Eriksen M. Post-prandial cardiovascular responses in man after ingestion of carbohydrate, protein or fat. Acta Physiol Scand. 1992 Nov;146(3):321-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09426.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1481689 (View on PubMed)

Zreik F, Meshulam R, Shichel I, Webb M, Shibolet O, Jacob G. Effect of ingesting a meal and orthostasis on the regulation of splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and the responsiveness of cardiovascular alpha1-adrenoceptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021 Nov 1;321(5):G513-G526. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00142.2021. Epub 2021 Sep 15.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 34523347 (View on PubMed)

Haddock BT, Francis ST, Larsson HBW, Andersen UB. Assessment of Perfusion and Oxygenation of the Human Renal Cortex and Medulla by Quantitative MRI during Handgrip Exercise. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Oct;29(10):2510-2517. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018030272. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30206141 (View on PubMed)

Haddock B, Larsson HBW, Francis S, Andersen UB. Human renal response to furosemide: Simultaneous oxygenation and perfusion measurements in cortex and medulla. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2019 Sep;227(1):e13292. doi: 10.1111/apha.13292. Epub 2019 May 21.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31046189 (View on PubMed)

Ban K, Noyan-Ashraf MH, Hoefer J, Bolz SS, Drucker DJ, Husain M. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Circulation. 2008 May 6;117(18):2340-50. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938. Epub 2008 Apr 21.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18427132 (View on PubMed)

Xiong QF, Fan SH, Li XW, Niu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Chen YF, Shi YW, Zhang LH. GLP-1 Relaxes Rat Coronary Arteries by Enhancing ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Currents. Cardiol Res Pract. 2019 Oct 23;2019:1968785. doi: 10.1155/2019/1968785. eCollection 2019.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31772770 (View on PubMed)

Asmar A, Asmar M, Simonsen L, Madsbad S, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Sorensen CM, Bulow J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 elicits vasodilation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in healthy men. Physiol Rep. 2017 Feb;5(3):e13073. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13073.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28174344 (View on PubMed)

Bremholm L, Hornum M, Henriksen BM, Larsen S, Holst JJ. Glucagon-like peptide-2 increases mesenteric blood flow in humans. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(3):314-9. doi: 10.1080/00365520802538195.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 19005872 (View on PubMed)

Yusta B, Matthews D, Flock GB, Ussher JR, Lavoie B, Mawe GM, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-2 promotes gallbladder refilling via a TGR5-independent, GLP-2R-dependent pathway. Mol Metab. 2017 Mar 31;6(6):503-511. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.006. eCollection 2017 Jun.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28580281 (View on PubMed)

Drucker DJ, Yusta B. Physiology and pharmacology of the enteroendocrine hormone glucagon-like peptide-2. Annu Rev Physiol. 2014;76:561-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170317. Epub 2013 Oct 25.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 24161075 (View on PubMed)

Kogire M, Inoue K, Sumi S, Doi R, Takaori K, Yun M, Fujii N, Yajima H, Tobe T. Effects of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide on splanchnic circulation in dogs. Gastroenterology. 1988 Dec;95(6):1636-40. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(88)80089-1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 3053315 (View on PubMed)

Sartor DM, Verberne AJ. Abdominal vagal signalling: a novel role for cholecystokinin in circulatory control? Brain Res Rev. 2008 Nov;59(1):140-54. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.002. Epub 2008 Jul 12.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18656498 (View on PubMed)

Sieber C, Beglinger C, Jaeger K, Hildebrand P, Stalder GA. Regulation of postprandial mesenteric blood flow in humans: evidence for a cholinergic nervous reflex. Gut. 1991 Apr;32(4):361-6. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.4.361.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2026334 (View on PubMed)

Gilliam-Vigh H, Jorsal T, Rehfeld JF, Pedersen J, Poulsen SS, Vilsboll T, Knop FK. Expression of Cholecystokinin and its Receptors in the Intestinal Tract of Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Healthy Controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jul 13;106(8):2164-2170. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab367.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 34036343 (View on PubMed)

Lynggaard MB, Gasbjerg LS, Christensen MB, Knop FK. GIP(3-30)NH2 - a tool for the study of GIP physiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;55:31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.011. Epub 2020 Oct 11.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33053504 (View on PubMed)

Melchiorsen JU, Sorensen KV, Bork-Jensen J, Kizilkaya HS, Gasbjerg LS, Hauser AS, Rungby J, Sorensen HT, Vaag A, Nielsen JS, Pedersen O, Linneberg A, Hartmann B, Gjesing AP, Holst JJ, Hansen T, Rosenkilde MM, Grarup N. Rare Heterozygous Loss-of-Function Variants in the Human GLP-1 Receptor Are Not Associated With Cardiometabolic Phenotypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Oct 18;108(11):2821-2833. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad290.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37235780 (View on PubMed)

Buttner J, Bluthner E, Greif S, Kuhl A, Elezkurtaj S, Ulrich J, Maasberg S, Jochum C, Tacke F, Pape UF. Predictive Potential of Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Function for Therapeutic Management with Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 29;15(19):4220. doi: 10.3390/nu15194220.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37836505 (View on PubMed)

Wank SA, Pisegna JR, de Weerth A. Cholecystokinin receptor family. Molecular cloning, structure, and functional expression in rat, guinea pig, and human. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Mar 23;713:49-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44052.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8185215 (View on PubMed)

Cox EF, Palaniyappan N, Aithal GP, Guha IN, Francis ST. Using MRI to study the alterations in liver blood flow, perfusion, and oxygenation in response to physiological stress challenges: Meal, hyperoxia, and hypercapnia. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Jun;49(6):1577-1586. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26341. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30353969 (View on PubMed)

Medhus AW, Lofthus CM, Bredesen J, Husebye E. Gastric emptying: the validity of the paracetamol absorption test adjusted for individual pharmacokinetics. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2001 Jun;13(3):179-85. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.2001.00249.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11437980 (View on PubMed)

Deacon CF. Circulation and degradation of GIP and GLP-1. Horm Metab Res. 2004 Nov-Dec;36(11-12):761-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-826160.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15655705 (View on PubMed)

Deacon CF, Nauck MA, Meier J, Hucking K, Holst JJ. Degradation of endogenous and exogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide in healthy and in type 2 diabetic subjects as revealed using a new assay for the intact peptide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3575-81. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.10.6855.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11061504 (View on PubMed)

Hartmann B, Harr MB, Jeppesen PB, Wojdemann M, Deacon CF, Mortensen PB, Holst JJ. In vivo and in vitro degradation of glucagon-like peptide-2 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2884-8. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.8.6717.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 10946898 (View on PubMed)

Yamazaki K, Kagaya T, Watanabe M, Terauchi H, Iida D, Fukumoto H, Suzuki S, Arai T, Aoki M, Takase K, Seiki T, Tsukahara K, Nagakawa J. A novel truncated glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) as a tool for analyzing GLP-2 receptor agonists. Biomed Res. 2013 Jun;34(3):129-36. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.34.129.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23782746 (View on PubMed)

Thulesen J, Knudsen LB, Hartmann B, Hastrup S, Kissow H, Jeppesen PB, Orskov C, Holst JJ, Poulsen SS. The truncated metabolite GLP-2 (3-33) interacts with the GLP-2 receptor as a partial agonist. Regul Pept. 2002 Jan 15;103(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00316-0.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11738243 (View on PubMed)

Hansen LS, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Christensen M, Knop FK, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM. N-terminally and C-terminally truncated forms of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are high-affinity competitive antagonists of the human GIP receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;173(5):826-38. doi: 10.1111/bph.13384. Epub 2016 Jan 30.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26572091 (View on PubMed)

Gasbjerg LS, Christensen MB, Hartmann B, Lanng AR, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Gabe MBN, Dela F, Vilsboll T, Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM, Knop FK. GIP(3-30)NH2 is an efficacious GIP receptor antagonist in humans: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Diabetologia. 2018 Feb;61(2):413-423. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4447-4. Epub 2017 Sep 25.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28948296 (View on PubMed)

Schjoldager BT. Role of CCK in gallbladder function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Mar 23;713:207-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44067.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8185161 (View on PubMed)

Rohde U, Sonne DP, Christensen M, Hansen M, Bronden A, Torang S, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Vilsboll T, Knop FK. Cholecystokinin-Induced Gallbladder Emptying and Metformin Elicit Additive Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 May;101(5):2076-83. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-1133. Epub 2016 Mar 22.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 27003305 (View on PubMed)

Ruiz-Gayo M, Gonzalez MC, Fernandez-Alfonso S. Vasodilatory effects of cholecystokinin: new role for an old peptide? Regul Pept. 2006 Dec 10;137(3):179-84. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.06.006. Epub 2006 Aug 2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16889840 (View on PubMed)

Sheldon RS, Grubb BP 2nd, Olshansky B, Shen WK, Calkins H, Brignole M, Raj SR, Krahn AD, Morillo CA, Stewart JM, Sutton R, Sandroni P, Friday KJ, Hachul DT, Cohen MI, Lau DH, Mayuga KA, Moak JP, Sandhu RK, Kanjwal K. 2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Heart Rhythm. 2015 Jun;12(6):e41-63. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.029. Epub 2015 May 14. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25980576 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

H-24030176

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id