Comparing the Effectiveness of Reappraisal Strategies in Adult Participants
NCT ID: NCT07008209
Last Updated: 2025-06-13
Study Results
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Basic Information
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
240 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-06-30
2025-09-30
Brief Summary
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What is the effect of emotion regulation strategies (reconstrual, repurposing) on short term negative emotions (anxiety, sadness)?
Does the effectiveness of these strategies vary depending on the type of emotion (anxiety vs. sadness)?
Are reconstrual and repurposing more effective compared to active and passive control conditions?
What is the effect of these strategies on short-term positive emotions (e.g., hope, happiness)?
Researchers will compare reconstrual and repurposing strategies to see which one is more effective in improving emotional outcomes.
Participants will:
be randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in a 4 (Regulation Strategy: Reconstrual, Repurposing, Active Control, Passive Control) × 2 (Emotion Type: Sadness vs. Anxiety) factorial design.
Complete online tasks and surveys about their emotions
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Detailed Description
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Participants (at least N = 240) will be randomly assigned to one of eight groups in a 2 (Emotion: Sadness vs. Anxiety) × 4 (Strategy: Reconstrual, Repurposing, Active Control, Passive Control) between-subjects factorial design. Each participant will complete standardized emotional induction tasks via written scenarios, followed by their assigned intervention.
Hypotheses
H1: Negative emotions (sadness or anxiety) will significantly decrease following the intervention in the reconstrual and repurposing groups compared to the active and passive control groups. (Main effect of strategy on negative affect)
H2: Positive emotions will increase more in the reconstrual and repurposing groups compared to the passive control group. (Main effect of strategy on positive affect)
H3 (Exploratory): The effectiveness of reconstrual and repurposing strategies may vary by emotion type:
Repurposing may be more effective in sadness scenarios.
Reconstrual may be more effective in anxiety scenarios. (Emotion Type × Strategy interaction)
H4: No significant emotional change is expected in the passive control group. (No time effect)
Study Design
Design Type: Experimental, between-subjects factorial design Design Structure: 2 (Emotion Type: Sadness vs. Anxiety) × 4 (Strategy Condition: Reconstrual, Repurposing, Active Control, Passive Control) Participants: Minimum N = 240 (n = 30 per group), emerging adults (ages \~18-30) Randomization: Random assignment to 1 of 8 groups Blinding: Participants are blind to condition purpose Type of Analysis: Mixed ANOVA
Within-Subject Factor: Time (Post-Scenario vs. Post-Intervention) Between-Subject Factors: Emotion Type × Strategy Group Dependent Variables: Emotional ratings post-intervention (Negative affect (VAS/SAM: anxiety, sadness); Positive affect (VAS/SAM).
Study Flow
1. Initial Assessment Demographics: Only name and age Baseline measures: Scale for contextual reappraisal (SCORE; for trait-level reconstrual and repurposing), GAD-7, PHQ-9
2. Neutral Stimulus A standardized neutral video from Samson et al. (2016) study.
3. Baseline Emotion Assesments: Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
4. Random Group Assignment
Participants randomly assigned to one of eight groups (n=30 per group):
Sadness - Reconstrual
Sadness - Repurposing
Sadness - Active Control
Sadness - Passive Control
Anxiety - Reconstrual
Anxiety - Repurposing
Anxiety - Active Control
Anxiety - Passive Control
5. Training Phase Strategy-specific training with a minimum 90-second reading time enforced
Practice vignette with 30-second enforced reading and comprehension check
Correct answers allow progression; incorrect answers trigger explanation and acknowledgment before continuing
Participants rate prior use of the trained strategy in daily life
6. Scenario Exposure Participants read and imagine a standardized written scenario (sadness or anxiety) matched for intensity and controllability (based on pilot data)
40-second enforced reading time
7\. Self-Assessment and Rating VAS and SAM administered
Ratings of scenario imaginability and controllability (0-100 scale)
Participants write their first negative thoughts when imagining the scenario
8\. Application Phase Participants apply assigned emotion regulation strategy with 90-second minimum enforced duration
Written brief explanation of alternative thoughts used
Post-application ratings with VAS and SAM
Participants rate effectiveness and belief in their reappraisal thoughts (0-100 scale)
9\. Manipulation Check In the form of two multiple-choice questions: Participants will be asked to select the instruction that best matched the guideline they received at the beginning of the experiment and to identify the general topic of the scenario they had visualized.
10\. Demographics: Exclusion criteria related questions 11. Debriefing Participants view debriefing statement
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
Study Type: Interventional Design: Randomized, 2 × 4 between-subject factorial design Factors: Emotion Type (Sadness vs. Anxiety) × Strategy (Reconstrual, Repurposing, Active Control, Passive Control) Within-Subjects: Time (Post-Scenario vs. Post-Intervention) Allocation: Randomized Masking: Single-blind Primary Purpose: Basic Science
BASIC_SCIENCE
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Sadness - Reconstrual
Participants in this arm are exposed to sadness-related scenario and trained to use the reconstrual strategy, which involves reinterpreting the meaning of the situation to reduce negative emotions. Training is delivered online via Qualtrics and includes practice vignette. After training, participants apply reconstrual to the scenario to regulate their emotional response.
Reconstrual Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the reconstrual strategy, which involves recognizing and reinterpreting initial negative appraisals of emotionally challenging situations. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and their initial negative interpretation.
Generate alternative, balanced explanations that reduce negative emotional impact.
The goal is to help participants view events from a different, realistic perspective to decrease negative emotions by modifying how they interpret situations.
Sadness - Repurposing
Participants view sadness-related scenario and receive training in repurposing, which focuses on changing the goal to alleviate negative feelings. Training and practice exercises are provided online through Qualtrics before applying the strategy to the scenario.
Repurposing Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the repurposing strategy, which involves adjusting or replacing personal goals to better align with the current situation. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and the original goal that was not met.
Develop alternative, realistic goals or modify existing ones to reduce the emotional impact of unmet expectations.
This approach helps participants manage negative emotions by creating meaningful, adaptable goals that fit the reality of the situation.
Sadness - Active Control
Participants are presented with sadness-related scenario followed by a writing distraction task designed to divert attention from negative emotions. This arm controls for the effect of engaging in an active cognitive task unrelated to emotion regulation.
Active Control
Participants are asked to carefully copy a neutral descriptive passage without making any changes, focusing solely on transcription accuracy. This task serves as an active control by engaging participants in a cognitive task that requires attention and effort, but does not involve emotion regulation strategies. The task controls for the effects of engagement and time spent on a task without influencing participants' emotional processing.
Sadness - Passive Control
Participants view sadness-related scenario but do not receive any emotion regulation training or distraction tasks. This arm serves as a baseline to measure natural emotional change over time.
No interventions assigned to this group
Anxiety - Reconstrual
Participants are trained in reconstrual to reinterpret and reduce the perceived threat or negative appraisal of the situation and exposed to anxiety-inducing scenario. The online training includes practice vignette, followed by application of the strategy to the scenario.
Reconstrual Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the reconstrual strategy, which involves recognizing and reinterpreting initial negative appraisals of emotionally challenging situations. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and their initial negative interpretation.
Generate alternative, balanced explanations that reduce negative emotional impact.
The goal is to help participants view events from a different, realistic perspective to decrease negative emotions by modifying how they interpret situations.
Anxiety - Repurposing
Participants view anxiety-related scenarios and receive training in repurposing, which focuses on changing the goal to alleviate negative feelings. Training and practice exercises are provided online through Qualtrics before applying the strategy to the scenario.
Repurposing Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the repurposing strategy, which involves adjusting or replacing personal goals to better align with the current situation. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and the original goal that was not met.
Develop alternative, realistic goals or modify existing ones to reduce the emotional impact of unmet expectations.
This approach helps participants manage negative emotions by creating meaningful, adaptable goals that fit the reality of the situation.
Anxiety - Active Control
Participants are presented with anxiety-related scenario followed by a writing distraction task designed to divert attention from negative emotions. This arm controls for the effect of engaging in an active cognitive task unrelated to emotion regulation.
Active Control
Participants are asked to carefully copy a neutral descriptive passage without making any changes, focusing solely on transcription accuracy. This task serves as an active control by engaging participants in a cognitive task that requires attention and effort, but does not involve emotion regulation strategies. The task controls for the effects of engagement and time spent on a task without influencing participants' emotional processing.
Anxiety - Passive Control
Participants view anxiety-related scenario but do not receive any emotion regulation training or distraction tasks. This arm serves as a baseline to measure natural emotional change over time.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Reconstrual Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the reconstrual strategy, which involves recognizing and reinterpreting initial negative appraisals of emotionally challenging situations. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and their initial negative interpretation.
Generate alternative, balanced explanations that reduce negative emotional impact.
The goal is to help participants view events from a different, realistic perspective to decrease negative emotions by modifying how they interpret situations.
Repurposing Strategy Training
Participants receive training in the repurposing strategy, which involves adjusting or replacing personal goals to better align with the current situation. The training guides participants to:
Identify the situation and the original goal that was not met.
Develop alternative, realistic goals or modify existing ones to reduce the emotional impact of unmet expectations.
This approach helps participants manage negative emotions by creating meaningful, adaptable goals that fit the reality of the situation.
Active Control
Participants are asked to carefully copy a neutral descriptive passage without making any changes, focusing solely on transcription accuracy. This task serves as an active control by engaging participants in a cognitive task that requires attention and effort, but does not involve emotion regulation strategies. The task controls for the effects of engagement and time spent on a task without influencing participants' emotional processing.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Fluent in Turkish
* No current psychiatric treatment or diagnosis (self-reported)
* Willingness to participate and provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
* Current substance use disorder
18 Years
30 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Ibn Haldun University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Meryem Söğüt Kahramanlar
PhD(c)
Principal Investigators
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Ayşe ALTAN-ATALAY, Assoc. Prof. Dr
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Kadir Has University
Burcu UYSAL, Assoc. Prof. Dr
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Ibn Haldun University
Locations
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Ibn Haldun University
Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Samson AC, Kreibig SD, Soderstrom B, Wade AA, Gross JJ. Eliciting positive, negative and mixed emotional states: A film library for affective scientists. Cogn Emot. 2016 Aug;30(5):827-56. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1031089. Epub 2015 May 1.
Kam JWY, Wan-Sai-Cheong L, Zuk AAO, Mehta A, Dixon ML, Gross JJ. A brief reappraisal intervention leads to durable affective benefits. Emotion. 2024 Oct;24(7):1676-1688. doi: 10.1037/emo0001391. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
Uusberg A, Yih J, Taxer JL, Christ NM, Toms T, Uusberg H, Gross JJ. Appraisal shifts during reappraisal. Emotion. 2023 Oct;23(7):1985-2001. doi: 10.1037/emo0001202. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
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Other Identifiers
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E-71395021-050.04-50851
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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