Normothermic Oxygenated Perfusion (NMP) Viability Testing Before Transplantation of Discarded Livers

NCT ID: NCT06950398

Last Updated: 2025-08-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 99 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-12-15
• Study Completion Date: 2029-06-15

Brief Summary

Liver transplantation (LT) is a highly effective treatment for end-stage liver disease and early-stage primary liver cancer. As such, the demand for donor livers greatly exceeds supply; in 2021 in France, 12.9% of patients on the waitlist either died or were delisted for worsening of their condition.

However a substantial number of perfectly viable organs are wrongly discarded based on a highly subjective assessment as the level of acceptance varies widely depending on the physician's judgement.

The idea of using Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) not only to preserve the liver graft but also for selection purposes is a concept that has been already investigated. A few trials have analyzed the value of normothermic perfusion to assess rejected liver grafts.

Several teams demonstrated that NMP provides a tool to assess organ viability pre-transplantation as the liver is able to maintain an almost physiological metabolism.

These preliminary results came from small samples, 45% of which originated from donation after circulatory death (DCD). They need confirmation in a larger sample of organs from donors with brainstem death (DBD), adapted to the French liver allocation system.

This trial will reproduce and confirm the results of the previous studies in order to establish viability testing as the de facto method for high-risk or rejected grafts. It will also validate existing viability markers so as to define a new standard for viability testing using NMP.

Detailed Description

Liver transplantation (LT) is a highly effective treatment for end-stage liver disease and early-stage primary liver cancer. As such, the demand for donor livers greatly exceeds supply; in 2021 in France, 12.9% of patients on the waitlist either died or were delisted for worsening of their condition.

Demand for liver grafts has driven the wider use of extended criteria donors (ECD). Grafts from ECD donors are associated with an increased risk of primary non-function, which is difficult to predict on an individual basis. The suitability of donor livers is determined based on donor history, age, weight, biological parameters of liver function, radiologic features, as well as the graft's macroscopic aspect at the time of procurement. The predictive value of these parameters to detect grafts unsuitable for transplantation is low, especially in the group of grafts obtained from ECD. Hence, the viability of donor livers can only be assessed after the fact, which could be life threatening for recipients of ECD livers.

As a result, a substantial number of perfectly viable organs are wrongly discarded based on a highly subjective assessment as the level of acceptance varies widely depending on the physician's judgement. In France, 253 (20%) of proposed livers were rejected in 2021.

Per current practices, livers are made available for rescue allocation after 5 refusals from 5 different transplant centers before being definitely discarded. Although the reasons for refusal are sometimes evident, (i.e. suspicious tumor or cirrhosis on the donor's CT-scan), most of the time refusal is based on the donor's clinical and biological characteristics.

This multicentric prospective non-randomized trial aims to evaluate the potential of NMP to provide an objective viability assessment of discarded livers. The co-primary endpoints will be (i) the rate of initially discarded livers eventually rescued after evaluation on a normothermic machine and (ii) the rate of functional grafts at 3 months among transplanted rescued livers.

A graft is considered functional at 3 months if the recipient remains alive and no retransplantation has been necessary within that period.

The device that will be used to perfuse the grafts is the OrganOx metra. It perfuses the donor liver with blood, oxygen and nutrients, as well as a number of medications (bile salt, insulin, heparin and prostacyclin), at normal body temperature to mimic ideal physiological conditions and preserve the organ for up to 24 hours. The device provides information as to the haemodynamic, synthetic and metabolic function of the liver to assist the clinician in assessing the organ's suitability for transplantation.

For a liver to be considered viable it has to meet specific viability criteria that are easily assessed using the perfusion device. Several teams demonstrated that NMP provides a tool to assess organ viability pre-transplantation as the liver is able to maintain an almost physiological metabolism. This is especially important as NMP allows an objective assessment of grafts driving the decision to transplant based upon actual graft function rather than a rather superficial risk assessment, which is what is being done currently. Mergental et al. proposed in 2016 lactate clearance (i.e. < 2.5 mmol/l) as a marker of viability in high-risk or discarded livers while Watson et al. suggested that viability is a combination of several characteristics including transaminases, glucose metabolism, lactate clearance, and acid-base balance. In addition, the ability of the liver to maintain acid-base homeostasis was shown to be predictive of post-operative outcomes. Sutton et al. also suggested that bile output may differentiate viable from non-viable livers. Other proposed criteria include hemodynamic parameters (hepatic artery and portal vein flow) and bile composition during NMP.

In 2020, Mergental et al. reported validation of lactate clearance as a viability criteria (i.e. < 2.5 mmol/l within 4 hours) allowing transplantation to be performed using 22 of 31 discarded livers with 100% 90-day survival. Another trial reported successful transplantation after NMP using a custom-built device of 15 livers out of 21 discarded grafts. These preliminary results came from small samples, 45% of which originated from donation after circulatory death (DCD). They need confirmation in a larger sample of organs from donors with brainstem death (DBD), adapted to the French liver allocation system. Grafts from DCD donors will not be included because, in France, DCD donors are subjected to in situ normothermic regional perfusion before procurement. Only liver grafts procured from DBD donors will be included in this study.

Conditions

Organ Transplantation; Liver Dysfunction; Liver Diseases

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Normothermic oxygenated perfusion (NMP) viability testing

Discarded liver grafts are connected to a normothermic perfusion machine (OrganOx Metra®) for a period of 4 to 12 hours prior to transplantation, to assess their viability.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

NMP viability testing

Intervention Type: OTHER

NMP viability testing before transplantation of discarded livers

Interventions

NMP viability testing

NMP viability testing before transplantation of discarded livers

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

FOR LIVER DONORS

• Donation after brainstem death (DBD)
• Liver graft refused by 5 different transplant centres and after rescue allocation ("hors tour")

FOR LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

• ≥ 18 years old
• Candidates for a first elective liver transplantation (patients with a pre-transplant work-up excluding: re-transplantation, emergency transplantation (e.g. fulminant hepatitis), multi-organ or heterotopic transplantation)
• UNOS status IV (non-ventilated, no vasopressor support)
• Absence of renal insufficiency defined as a GFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m² for three months or more
• MELD Score ≤ 25
• Willing and able to attend follow-up examinations
• Having signed an informed consent document

FOR LIVER DONORS

• Macroscopic features of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis at procurement
• Transplantation using a split graft, in situ or ex situ
• Estimated cold ischemic time greater than 8 hours (5 hours maximum of graft transport in cold ischemia)

FOR LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

• Mentally or legally incapacitated
• Transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure
• Early or late re-transplantation
• Combined liver transplant with any other organ, en-bloc or not
• Heterotopic liver transplantation

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Rennes University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Locations

APHP_Hôpital Beaujon

Clichy, , France

Hôpital Croix Rousse

Lyon, , France

CHU de Montpellier

Montpellier, , France

CHU de Rennes PONTCHAILLOU

Rennes, , France

CHRU Tours

Tours, , France

APHP_Hopital Paul Brousse

Villejuif, , France

Countries

France

Central Contacts

Heithem JEDDOU, MD

Role: CONTACT

Heithem.JEDDOU@chu-rennes.fr

+0033299289841

Facility Contacts

Mickael LESURTEL, MD

Role: primary

Role: backup

mickael.lesurtel@aphp.fr

Jean-Yves MABRUT, MD

Role: primary

jean-yves.mabrut@chu-lyon.fr

Astrid HERRERO, MD

Role: primary

a-herrero@chu-montpellier.fr

Heithem JEDDOU, MD

Role: primary

Heithem.JEDDOU@chu-rennes.fr

Ephrem SALAME

Role: primary

ephrem.salame@chu-tours.fr

Marc Antoine ALLARD, MD

Role: primary

marcantoine.allard@aphp.fr

Other Identifiers

35RC22_9768_TRANSPERF

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id