No Endotamponade for Macular Hole Repair: the NEMAR Study

NCT ID: NCT06908824

Last Updated: 2025-09-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

180 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-09-16

Study Completion Date

2027-12-31

Brief Summary

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Full-thickness macular hole (MH) is a common sight threatening macular condition with a prevalence of 3.3 per 1000 individuals. Prompt surgical repair of MH is imperative in preventing irreversible vision loss from MH as the majority of patients would experience progressive loss of central vision, often resulting in visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or worse and the spontaneous closure rate is less than 10%.

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (with or without ILM flap) and gas tamponade, herein referred to as conventional surgery, is the current standard-of-care surgical technique in repairing MH.

Recently, a novel surgical technique that omits the need of gas tamponade to repair MH has been proposed, early results from retrospective studies were encouraging.

The purpose of this prospective international multi-centre randomised controlled study is to compare the efficacy and safety of two surgical techniques in treating MH:

1. Conventional surgery: PPV with ILM peeling and gas or silicone oil tamponade
2. ILM flap with no gas tamponade surgery: PPV with ILM flap with no gas tamponade

Detailed Description

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MH is a common macular condition that requires prompt surgical intervention to prevent irreversible vision loss. Conventional surgical repair of MH involves PPV, ILM peeling and gas tamponade followed by post-operative face down posturing. The use of gas tamponade, however, is associated with impairment of vision in the early post-operative period and restriction of air travel. Moreover, fluorinated ophthalmic gases are potent green house gases that contribute to global warming.

Recently, a novel surgical technique to repair MH without endotamponade has been proposed, termed the ILM flap with no gas tamponade technique.

There is currently no published randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of MH repair using conventional surgical technique and the ILM flap with no gas tamponade technique.

Patients with confirmed full thickness MH on optical coherence tomography will be screened and invited to join the study. Written informed consent will be obtained. Baseline screening will be performed.

Recruited study participants will be randomly allocated to one of the two study groups:

1. Conventional surgery: Participants will undergo PPV, ILM peeling and gas tamponade to repair the MH. They would be instructed to adopt a face down posture for at least 5 days post-operatively.
2. ILM flap with no gas tamponade surgery: Participants will undergo PPV, ILM flap. No gas tampons would be required and there would be no restriction on post-operative posturing.

Participants will be instructed to attend post-operative follow up visits to undergo routine clinical examination, visual acuity checking and retinal imaging performed.

Conditions

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Macular Hole Macular Hole Surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Conventional surgery

Patients would undergo conventional surgery to repair macular hole and be instructed to adopt a face-down posturing in the first 5 days following operation.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Conventional surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap would be performed. Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) or viscoelastic may be used as an adjunct. Air/Fluid exchange would be performed at the end of surgery, further exchange of air with 8-14% octafluoropropane (C3F8) would be performed based on operating surgeon's discretion. In cases a temporal ILM flap could not be created, an ILM flap would be created from other quadrants, for example, a nasal ILM would be created instead. Patients with visually significant cataract may undergo concomitant phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation or deferred to post-operative month 6-12. Patients would be instructed to adopt a face-down posturing in the first 5 days following operation.

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap with no gas tamponade

Patients would undergo macular hole repair by the ILM flap with no gas tamponade technique. Patients will be instructed to avoid excessive movement and adopt a sit up/supine posture for the first 24 hours, beyond which there will be no posturing restriction.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

ILM flap with no gas tamponade

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap would be performed. The ILM flap would be stabilised over the macular hole using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) followed by sub-PFCL dispersive viscoelastic injection. The PFCL would be removed towards the end of surgery. In cases a temporal ILM flap could not be created, an ILM flap would be created from other quadrants, for example, a nasal ILM would be created instead. Concomitant phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation would be performed in patients with visually significant cataract or deferred to post-operative month 6-12. Patients will be instructed to avoid excessive movement and adopt a face forward/ supine position for first 24 hours. Afterwards, there would be no restriction on post-operative posturing.

Interventions

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Conventional surgery

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap would be performed. Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) or viscoelastic may be used as an adjunct. Air/Fluid exchange would be performed at the end of surgery, further exchange of air with 8-14% octafluoropropane (C3F8) would be performed based on operating surgeon's discretion. In cases a temporal ILM flap could not be created, an ILM flap would be created from other quadrants, for example, a nasal ILM would be created instead. Patients with visually significant cataract may undergo concomitant phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation or deferred to post-operative month 6-12. Patients would be instructed to adopt a face-down posturing in the first 5 days following operation.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

ILM flap with no gas tamponade

Pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap would be performed. The ILM flap would be stabilised over the macular hole using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) followed by sub-PFCL dispersive viscoelastic injection. The PFCL would be removed towards the end of surgery. In cases a temporal ILM flap could not be created, an ILM flap would be created from other quadrants, for example, a nasal ILM would be created instead. Concomitant phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation would be performed in patients with visually significant cataract or deferred to post-operative month 6-12. Patients will be instructed to avoid excessive movement and adopt a face forward/ supine position for first 24 hours. Afterwards, there would be no restriction on post-operative posturing.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age \>= 18 years
* Presence of full thickness macular hole in one eye (defined as full thickness discontinuity of neuro-sensory retina at the macula on optical coherence tomography)
* Able to comply to post-operative posture
* VA ≥0.05 and ≤0.8

Exclusion Criteria

* Fellow eye enrolled in the study
* Eyes that underwent previous macular surgery
* Presence of maculopathy other than macular hole, epi-retinal membrane or myopic maculopathy. For example, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or pre-existing macular scar
* Axial length \>/= 28mm or presence of significant myopic chorio-retinal atrophy involving the fovea
* Minimum linear diameter \>/=800µm
* Presence of contraindications to intraocular gas, such as advanced glaucoma or uncontrolled glaucoma
* Significant macular puckering (Govetto staging ≥ stage 2)
* Patients who are unable to give informed consent
* Patients who are pregnant
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Poznan University of Medical Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Chang Gung University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Chinese University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Simon KH Szeto

Clinical assistant professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Simon KH Szeto, MBChB, FRCOphth

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Locations

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Hong Kong Eye Hospital

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status RECRUITING

Poznan University of Medical Sicences, University Hospital in Poznan

Poznan, , Poland

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Taoyuan District, , Taiwan

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Countries

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Hong Kong Poland Taiwan

Central Contacts

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Simon KH Dr Szeto, MBChB, MSc, FRCOphth

Role: CONTACT

852 39435886

Facility Contacts

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Simon KH Dr Szeto, MBChB, FRCOphth

Role: primary

852 39435886

Amy HY Yu, MBChB

Role: backup

Marcin Stopa, MD, PhD, FEBO

Role: primary

+48 61 854 72 20

Hung Da Chou, MD

Role: primary

+886-975366127

Chi Chun Lai, MD

Role: backup

References

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Wada I, Yoshida S, Kobayashi Y, Zhou Y, Ishikawa K, Nakao S, Hisatomi T, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi T, Sonoda KH. Quantifying metamorphopsia with M-CHARTS in patients with idiopathic macular hole. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017 Sep 20;11:1719-1726. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S144981. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29033537 (View on PubMed)

Linz MO, Bressler NM, Chaikitmongkol V, Sivaprasad S, Patikulsila D, Choovuthayakorn J, Watanachai N, Kunavisarut P, Menon D, Tadarati M, Delalibera Pacheco K, Sanyal A, Scott AW. Vision Preference Value Scale and Patient Preferences in Choosing Therapy for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Interface Abnormality. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun 1;136(6):658-664. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1272.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29800983 (View on PubMed)

Chan CW, Wong D, Lam CL, McGhee S, Lai WW. Development of a Chinese version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (CHI-VFQ-25) as a tool to study patients with eye diseases in Hong Kong. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 Nov;93(11):1431-6. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2009.158428. Epub 2009 Jun 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19515645 (View on PubMed)

Stopa M, Ciesielski M, Rakowicz P. Macular Hole Closure Without Endotamponade Application. Retina. 2023 Apr 1;43(4):688-691. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002850. Epub 2020 May 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32453068 (View on PubMed)

Szeto SKH, Yu AHY, Tsang CW, Mohamed S, Chen LJ, Lai TYY. COMPLEX MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE BY TEMPORAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP WITHOUT ENDOTAMPONADE. Retina. 2024 Nov 1;44(11):1915-1922. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004201.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39436300 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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CIRB-2025-084-2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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