Effects of Cervical Manipulation on Cervical Rotation Motion and Shoulder Rotational Motion and Strength in Overhead Athletes

NCT ID: NCT06903793

Last Updated: 2025-09-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

20 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-07

Study Completion Date

2025-05-13

Brief Summary

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This study will examine the effects of a single session of a quick stretch technique delivered to the neck on neck and shoulder motion as well as shoulder strength in collegiate overhead athletes.

Detailed Description

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Athletes participating in sports such as baseball, softball, tennis, swimming, and volleyball, are uniquely predisposed to cervical and shoulder dysfunction due to repetitive, high-intensity movements that require coordination between the cervical spine, shoulder, and upper extremities. These repetitive motions involve extreme glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) as well as high angular velocities, often leading to adaptations such as Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD). Overhead athletes with GIRD are at a higher risk of developing shoulder injuries.

This study aims to assess the effects of cervical spinal manipulation on cervical rotation ROM, GH rotational ROM and strength in overhead athletes. The current body of literature suggests an association between cervical rotation ROM deficits and arm injury risk in professional and collegiate-level baseball players. Restrictions in the cervical spine may alter neural and muscular pathways, potentially contributing to decreased shoulder ROM, compromised strength, and impaired performance. Given the complex interplay of cervical spine and shoulder function, understanding how cervical manipulation impacts the kinetic chain can play a vital role in developing shoulder rehabilitation and preventative programs for overhead athletes.

Conditions

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Cervical Spine Manipulation, Spinal Shoulder Overhead Athlete

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

the researchers performing the pre- and post-intervention measures will be blinded to the results of those measures

Study Groups

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Cervical manipulation

All participants will be enrolled in the experimental group

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

cervical manipulation

Intervention Type OTHER

Cervical upglide/rotation manipulation targeted to C5/C6 on the dominant shoulder side

Interventions

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cervical manipulation

Cervical upglide/rotation manipulation targeted to C5/C6 on the dominant shoulder side

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 18 years old and above
* Current overhead college athlete
* No mental health considerations such as generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, and schizophrenia

Exclusion Criteria

* Upper extremity surgery in the last year
* Current shoulder pain
* Current neck pain
* Recent episodes of vertigo, dizziness, and migraines
* Recent motor vehicle accident
* History of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, heart attack, stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, arrhythmias, heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, and aortic aneurysm
* Fear or unwillingness to undergo cervical manipulation
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Sacred Heart University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jason Grimes, PT, PhD, OCS, ATC

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Sacred Heart University

Fairfield, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Laudner KG, Stanek JM, Meister K. Assessing posterior shoulder contracture: the reliability and validity of measuring glenohumeral joint horizontal adduction. J Athl Train. 2006 Oct-Dec;41(4):375-80.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17273461 (View on PubMed)

Keller RA, De Giacomo AF, Neumann JA, Limpisvasti O, Tibone JE. Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Risk of Upper Extremity Injury in Overhead Athletes: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2018 Mar/Apr;10(2):125-132. doi: 10.1177/1941738118756577. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29381423 (View on PubMed)

Bullock GS, Thigpen CA, Zhao H, Devaney L, Kline D, Noonan TJ, Kissenberth MJ, Shanley E. Neck range of motion prognostic factors in association with shoulder and elbow injuries in professional baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2025 Feb;34(2):421-429. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.08.026. Epub 2024 Oct 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39396612 (View on PubMed)

Devaney LL, Denegar CR, Thigpen CA, Lepley AS, Edgar C, DiStefano LJ. Preseason Neck Mobility Is Associated With Throwing-Related Shoulder and Elbow Injuries, Pain, and Disability in College Baseball Pitchers. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020 May 18;8(5):2325967120920556. doi: 10.1177/2325967120920556. eCollection 2020 May.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32523967 (View on PubMed)

Cools AM, De Wilde L, Van Tongel A, Ceyssens C, Ryckewaert R, Cambier DC. Measuring shoulder external and internal rotation strength and range of motion: comprehensive intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study of several testing protocols. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Oct;23(10):1454-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Apr 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24726484 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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IRB-FY2025-216

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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