Effect of Bee Venom on Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1/PHASE2

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-10

Study Completion Date

2025-10-20

Brief Summary

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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bee venom injections as a treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral bone disorder (MBD) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. MBD is a common complication in CKD patients, leading to abnormal mineral metabolism, bone disease, and increased cardiovascular risks. Current treatments are often inadequate and can have significant side effects.

In this study, we will compare the effects of bee venom injections with standard care treatments in hemodialysis patients. Bee venom is known for its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which may help improve mineral metabolism and bone health regulation in these patients. By stimulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) through bee venom, we aim to reduce inflammation and restore bone health.

We hope to answer whether bee venom can effectively reduce mineral bone disorder markers (such as calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels) and improve bone density in hemodialysis patients. The results could lead to a new treatment option for CKD-MBD, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

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Detailed Description

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This prospective, randomized controlled trial investigates the potential therapeutic role of bee venom in improving mineral bone disorder (MBD) among hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MBD is a common complication in CKD, characterized by disruptions in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D metabolism, leading to abnormal bone remodeling and an increased risk of fractures and cardiovascular events. Conventional treatments for MBD, including phosphate binders, vitamin D analogs, and calcimimetics, often fall short in achieving optimal biochemical control and carry significant side effects. Therefore, there is a need for innovative therapies.

Bee venom, derived from the sting of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), has shown immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which may play a role in modulating immune responses and regulating mineral metabolism. Previous studies suggest that bee venom can influence T cell activity, particularly enhancing the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are known to suppress inflammation and help maintain immune balance. Given that inflammation is a key driver in the pathogenesis of MBD, targeting the immune system through bee venom presents a novel approach to improving bone and mineral metabolism.

The study will involve 60 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving bee venom injections or the control group receiving standard care. Bee venom will be administered subcutaneously, with a dose escalation schedule starting at 0.05 mL three times weekly in the first week and increasing to 0.5 mL three times weekly by week 5. The treatment will last for six months.

Clinical and laboratory evaluations will assess the effects of bee venom on key MBD biomarkers, including serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH levels, and bone turnover markers. Radiological assessments using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) will evaluate bone mineral density changes at the lumbar vertebrae. The study will also assess the safety profile of bee venom by monitoring adverse events and allergic reactions.

The primary goal is determining whether bee venom can significantly improve MBD markers compared to standard care. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in bone mineral density, assessing the safety and tolerability of bee venom, and exploring potential effects on inflammation markers and cardiovascular risk factors. The findings from this study may provide insights into the possible role of bee venom as a therapeutic agent in managing CKD-MBD. They could lead to a new treatment option for hemodialysis patients.

Conditions

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Chronic Kidney Disease Bee Venom Hemodialysis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Bee Venom Injection (Intervention Group)

This group will receive bee venom injections to evaluate its effect on chronic kidney disease-related mineral bone disorder in hemodialysis patients. The bee venom will be administered subcutaneously, starting with a dose of 0.05 mL three times a week and escalating to 0.5 mL by week 5. The treatment will last for six months.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bee Venom Injection

Intervention Type DRUG

This intervention involves the administration of purified bee venom from Apis mellifera species (Abevac) via subcutaneous injections. The dosage starts at 0.05 mL three times a week and gradually escalates to 0.5 mL three times a week by week 5. The total duration of the treatment is 6 months. Bee venom is being evaluated for its potential immunomodulatory effects, including enhancing regulatory T cell function and improving mineral bone disorder (MBD) in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Standard Care (Control Group)

This group will receive the usual clinical care for mineral bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients. Standard care may include phosphate binders, vitamin D receptor activators, and other treatments commonly used to manage MBD in CKD patients.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard Care for CKD-MBD

Intervention Type DRUG

This intervention represents the standard care for patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) undergoing hemodialysis. The treatment typically includes phosphate binders to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D receptor activators to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and calcimimetics to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The specific regimen may vary according to individual patient needs, but the control group will not receive bee venom injections as part of their therapy.

Interventions

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Bee Venom Injection

This intervention involves the administration of purified bee venom from Apis mellifera species (Abevac) via subcutaneous injections. The dosage starts at 0.05 mL three times a week and gradually escalates to 0.5 mL three times a week by week 5. The total duration of the treatment is 6 months. Bee venom is being evaluated for its potential immunomodulatory effects, including enhancing regulatory T cell function and improving mineral bone disorder (MBD) in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Intervention Type DRUG

Standard Care for CKD-MBD

This intervention represents the standard care for patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) undergoing hemodialysis. The treatment typically includes phosphate binders to control phosphorus levels, vitamin D receptor activators to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and calcimimetics to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The specific regimen may vary according to individual patient needs, but the control group will not receive bee venom injections as part of their therapy.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients of both sexes aged 18 years and older.
* Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis three times weekly for at least six months.
* Patients who are not scheduled for kidney transplantation within the next year.

Exclusion Criteria

* Current pregnancy or lactation.
* Medical history of chronic conditions such as liver disease, cancer, or autoimmune diseases.
* Refusal to participate in the study.
* Active chronic infections, including HIV, HCV, HBV, and tuberculosis.
* Current use of medications affecting bone metabolism (e.g., calcitonin, denosumab, estrogen) within the last six months.
* History of renal allograft failure within the past year.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No