Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Squat Exercises in Healthy Individuals

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

57 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-03-01

Study Completion Date

2025-05-15

Brief Summary

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The aim of our study is to compare the effects of two different squatting patterns, with and without the knees passing the toes, on low back pain, muscle strength and balance.

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Detailed Description

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A total of 60 volunteer participants between the ages of 18-30, who are in the active category of the International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire Short Form, are planned to be included in the study. Individuals participating in the study will be divided into 3 groups using a computer randomization system and a closed envelope method. Group I (n=20); squatting with the knees passing the toes (PI), Group II (n=20); squatting with the knees not passing the toes (PG) and Group III (n=20); control group (CG). Squatting with the knees passing the toes (PI); squatting with the knees not passing the toes (PG) will be applied to the study groups as a home program for 4 weeks and will be checked with an exercise diary. Participants will be re-evaluated at the end of the exercise program. No training program will be applied to the control group and they will be asked to continue their daily lives and participants will be evaluated at 4-week intervals. The training program of 1 set; 20 repetitions; 30 seconds active contraction/30 seconds rest is applied to the PI and PG groups 3 days a week, every other day for 6 weeks. The training program of the groups is monitored by a physiotherapist for 6 weeks via telerehabilitation technologies. All participants will be evaluated for back pain, knee pain, muscle thickness, muscle strength, function and balance before and at the end of the program and the data obtained will be recorded.

Conditions

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Balance; Distorted Low Back Pain

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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knee past toes squat

A squatting program with the desired characteristics will be applied

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Squat with knees over toes

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants are instructed to stand comfortably with feet pelvis-width apart and approximately 15-30° to the side with arms extended in front of them. Participants are asked to squat to their most comfortable point, looking straight ahead, without heels leaving the floor, and to hold the position for 2 seconds before returning to the original standing position. The distance between the hips and the floor is measured vertically using a ruler for squat depth. Three trials are performed and the average of the three trials is used for further analysis.

control

no intervention will be applied

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

control

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will not be subjected to any intervention and will not be asked to perform any action.

knee not past toes squat

A squatting program with the desired characteristics will be applied

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Squat where the knee does not pass the toes

Intervention Type OTHER

In the limited squat exercise, the position of the most anterior part of the knee is not allowed to extend beyond the toes. In the limited squat exercise, a wooden board is placed just distal to the first toe of each foot, and the 60 cm wide wooden board restricts knee movement. Participants are instructed to stand comfortably with their feet pelvis-width apart and approximately 15-30° to the side, and their arms extended in front of them. Participants are asked to squat to 90° of knee flexion, looking straight ahead, without the heels leaving the floor, and to hold the position for 2 seconds, then return to the original standing position. Squat depth is determined by measuring 90° of knee flexion using a goniometer placed on the knee and measured vertically between the hip and the floor using a ruler. Three trials are performed, and the average of the three trials is used for further analysis.

Interventions

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Squat with knees over toes

Participants are instructed to stand comfortably with feet pelvis-width apart and approximately 15-30° to the side with arms extended in front of them. Participants are asked to squat to their most comfortable point, looking straight ahead, without heels leaving the floor, and to hold the position for 2 seconds before returning to the original standing position. The distance between the hips and the floor is measured vertically using a ruler for squat depth. Three trials are performed and the average of the three trials is used for further analysis.

Intervention Type OTHER

Squat where the knee does not pass the toes

In the limited squat exercise, the position of the most anterior part of the knee is not allowed to extend beyond the toes. In the limited squat exercise, a wooden board is placed just distal to the first toe of each foot, and the 60 cm wide wooden board restricts knee movement. Participants are instructed to stand comfortably with their feet pelvis-width apart and approximately 15-30° to the side, and their arms extended in front of them. Participants are asked to squat to 90° of knee flexion, looking straight ahead, without the heels leaving the floor, and to hold the position for 2 seconds, then return to the original standing position. Squat depth is determined by measuring 90° of knee flexion using a goniometer placed on the knee and measured vertically between the hip and the floor using a ruler. Three trials are performed, and the average of the three trials is used for further analysis.

Intervention Type OTHER

control

Participants will not be subjected to any intervention and will not be asked to perform any action.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Being between the ages of 18-30,
* According to International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form Being physically active
* Not having any psychological, neurological, orthopedic and rheumatic disorders,
* Not having a history of fractures or surgeries affecting the lower extremities in the last year,
* Being able to do at least one traditional squat exercise

Exclusion Criteria

* Being pregnant or suspected of being pregnant
* Knee valgus diagnosis
* Pes planus or pes cavus diagnosis in the foot
* Hip rotation diagnosis
* Strength deficit between two extremities
* A history of acute osteoarthritis in the knee
* Regular medication use or use of NSAIDs and similar disease-modifying drugs in the last month
* Intra-articular injection (hyaluronic acid/steroid) application in the last 6 months
* Having a comorbid disease that contraindicates exercise (advanced osteoporosis, vertigo, neurological diseases, etc.)

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

30 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes