Adaptive Decision Support for Addiction Treatment Master

NCT ID: NCT06799117

Last Updated: 2025-06-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1912 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-03-21

Study Completion Date

2028-03-31

Brief Summary

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This study refines and optimizes the EMBED\* clinical decision support (CDS; see NCT03658642) to increase number of ED physicians following standard of care for the administration of buprenorphine to appropriate patients with opioid use disorder.

This study does not have open enrollment. Investigators will use a Multiphase Optimization STrategy (MOST) framework study with preparation, optimization, and confirmatory phases.

Optimization Phase: This phase has two stages. In stage 1, investigators will conduct a 2x2x2 factorial trial to expand EMBED is expanded to include sustainable implementation strategies: nurse prompt for withdrawal assessment, and targeted clinician prompts to use the CDS along with individualized patient resources to promote equity and motivate readiness to start treatment. In Stage 2, investigators will improve CDS usability via serial randomized testing to inform iterative refinement of the CDS interface and workflow to minimize user errors, task disruption, and abandonment through identification of specific targets for improvement via application of novel CDS outcome measures in serial randomized tests.

Evaluation phase: Investigators will conduct a randomized trial to compare the efficacy effectiveness of the optimized package compared to the original on ED-initiation of buprenorphine rates in patients with OUD.

\*EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community

Detailed Description

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Computerized clinical decision support (CDS) is a scalable strategy to standardize evidence-

based practices and respond efficiently to the evolving operational demands of the opioid crisis.

Effective practice change requires CDS tools that are usable (easy to learn, efficient to navigate, support task completion with minimal errors, and provide a satisfactory user experience), well-

integrated into clinical workflows and supported by coordinated implementation strategies. We

will refine and evaluate the uptake, usability, and reach of a nationally disseminated multicomponent CDS intervention to improve treatment initiation during emergency care for individuals with opioid use disorder.

This study refines and optimizes the EMBED\* clinical decision support (CDS; see NCT03658642) to increase the number of ED physicians following standard of care for the administration of buprenorphine to appropriate patients with opioid use disorder. This study does not have open enrollment.

Investigators will use a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework study with preparation, optimization, and confirmatory phases. Optimization Phases: This phase has two stages. In stage 1, investigators will conduct a 2x2x2 factorial trial to expand EMBED to include sustainable implementation strategies: nurse prompts for withdrawal assessment, and targeted clinician prompts to use the CDS along with individualized patient resources to promote equity and motivate readiness to start treatment. We will be randomizing these 3 strategies at the encounter level, resulting in these 8 arms:

Original EMBED

EMBED + nurse prompt

EMBED + clinician prompt

EMBED + patient facing materials

EMBED + nurse prompt + clinician prompt

EMBED + nurse prompt + patient facing materials

EMBED + clinician prompt + patient facing materials

EMBED + nurse prompt + clinician prompt + patient facing materials

In Stage 2, investigators will improve CDS usability via serial randomized testing to inform iterative refinement of the CDS interface and workflow to minimize user errors, task disruption, and abandonment. This will be done by identifying specific targets for improvement and applying novel CDS outcome measures in serial randomized tests.

Evaluation phase: In this confirmatory phase, investigators will conduct a randomized trial to compare the efficacy and effectiveness of the optimized package compared to the original on ED-initiation of buprenorphine rates in patients with OUD. During this phase, the optimized treatment package will be tested in a fully powered 2-arm randomized trial comparing the efficacy of the optimized, multicomponent intervention package to the original EMBED CDS on rates of ED initiation of buprenorphine in patients with OUD. Based on the results of the optimization phase factorial trial in conjunction with findings from the rapid, serial randomized testing, the optimized treatment package will include individual components found to increase CDS uptake and all usability and workflow improvements found to decrease errors and increase efficiency in serial randomized testing.

\*EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Conditions

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Opioid Use Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Eligible patients are randomized to a study arm during Emergency Department encounters at study sites. There is no open enrollment.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Evaluation Phase

Successful completion of the Evaluation phase: Investigators will conduct a randomized trial to compare the efficacy of the optimized package compared to the original on ED-initiation of buprenorphine rates in patients with OUD.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

EMBED CDS

Intervention Type OTHER

EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Optimized EMBED

Intervention Type OTHER

CDS following Optimization Phase, Stage 2: Rapid serialized testing

Optimization Phase, Stage1: Factorial Trial

Successful completion of Optimization Phase, Stage 1 Successful completion of the 2x2x2 factorial trial in which investigators expand EMBED to include sustainable implementation strategies: nurse prompt for withdrawal assessment, and targeted clinician prompt to use the CDS along with patient resources to promote equity and motivate readiness to start treatment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

EMBED CDS

Intervention Type OTHER

EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Nurse prompt to complete COWS

Intervention Type OTHER

Nurse prompt to complete COWS

Provider Prompt

Intervention Type OTHER

Provider Prompt to use EMBED: EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community. Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Patient facing materials

Intervention Type OTHER

Provider prompt to give patient customized discharge instructions directing patient to resources matched to their needs.

Optimization Phase, Stage 2: Rapid serialized testing

Successful completion of Optimization Phase, Stage 2: Improve CDS usability via serial randomized testing to inform iterative refinement of the CDS interface and workflow to minimize user errors, task disruption, and abandonment through identification of specific targets for improvement via application of novel CDS outcome measures in serial randomized tests.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

EMBED CDS

Intervention Type OTHER

EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Name of Intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Intervention to be informed by results during Evaluation Phase, Stage 1 and will involve refinement of user interface and workflows for the EMBED CDS: EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Interventions

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EMBED CDS

EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Intervention Type OTHER

Nurse prompt to complete COWS

Nurse prompt to complete COWS

Intervention Type OTHER

Provider Prompt

Provider Prompt to use EMBED: EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community. Intervention to be informed by CDS measurement and user feedback during the factorial trial phase (Optimization Phase, Stage 1)

Intervention Type OTHER

Patient facing materials

Provider prompt to give patient customized discharge instructions directing patient to resources matched to their needs.

Intervention Type OTHER

Optimized EMBED

CDS following Optimization Phase, Stage 2: Rapid serialized testing

Intervention Type OTHER

Name of Intervention

Intervention to be informed by results during Evaluation Phase, Stage 1 and will involve refinement of user interface and workflows for the EMBED CDS: EMBED is a user user-centered, clinician clinician-facing clinical decision support system integrated into the electronic health record workflow to facilitate initiating buprenorphine in the emergency department by: diagnosing opioid use disorder with a checklist based on the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), assessing the severity of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS), motivating patients to accept treatment with a scripted brief negotiation interview, and automating the electronic health record workflow, including clinical and after visit documentation, order entry, prescribing, and referral for ongoing treatment in the community.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Emergency department patient
* 18 years of age or older
* Moderate to severe opioid use disorder

Exclusion Criteria

* Under 18 years of age
* Pregnant
* Currently receiving medication for opioid use disorder
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Yale University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Edward Melnick, MD, MHS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Yale University

Locations

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Yale New Haven Shoreline Medical Center

Guilford, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Yale New Haven Hospital- St. Raphael

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Yale New Haven Hospital

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Edward Melnick, MD, MHS

Role: CONTACT

203-785-4363

Laurel Buchanan

Role: CONTACT

References

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Iscoe MS, Diniz Hooper C, Levy DR, Buchanan L, Dziura J, Meeker D, Taylor RA, D'Onofrio G, Oladele C, Sarpong DF, Paek H, Wilson FP, Heagerty PJ, Delgado MK, Hoppe J, Melnick ER. Adaptive decision support for addiction treatment to implement initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the emergency department: protocol for the ADAPT Multiphase Optimization Strategy trial. BMJ Open. 2025 Feb 20;15(2):e098072. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098072.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39979056 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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5R33DA059884-02

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

2000038624

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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