Postoperative Basal Bolus or Sliding Scale Insulin Regimen in DM2 and Its Effect on Surgical Site Infections.

NCT ID: NCT06638567

Last Updated: 2025-01-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1008 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-01-03

Study Completion Date

2027-09-30

Brief Summary

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A multicentre, matched-pair, cluster randomised controlled superiority trial to investigate the effect of a proactive basal bolus insulin regimen compared to the reactive sliding scale insulin regimen, targeting a glucose level of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L, to reduce the number of surgical site infections within the first 30 days postoperatively in adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

Detailed Description

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People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PWT2D) are at increased risk of postoperative complications, especially surgical site infections (SSI).

The aim of this study to reduce SSI in PWT2D by implementing a proactive basal-bolus insulin regimen, compared to the reactive sliding scale regimen.

Adult patients with type 2 diabetes will be included in this multi-centre study.

Participants will receive a blind CGM, i.e. glucose data are masked for the participants and study team, from admission to the ward until discharge from the hospital. In addition, all participants are asked to complete several questionnaires 30 days after surgery.

Both regimens are currently used in clinical practice. Therefore, there is no additional trial-related burden depending on the intervention group allocation.

Participants will be monitored intensively and insulin dosage will be adjusted adequately to the measured glucose values by the treatment team.

The sample size is based on the SSI incidence rates. Wards are matched into pairs with comparable baseline incidence rates and in each pair, one ward will be randomly assigned to the intervention group; the other serves as the control. 18 wards from 8 participating centres are planned to be recruited, this translates to 9x2x56=1008 evaluable participants.

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, basal bolus, sliding scale, insulin regimen, surgical site infections

Conditions

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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Surgical Site Infection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Multicenter, matched, cluster-randomised
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Basal Bolus

Patients daily dose of insulin is calculated by their treatment team: In insulin naive patients 0.4-0.5IU/kg and 0,3IU/kg for patients aged\>70 or patients with impaired kidney function with an estimated glucose filtration rate \<60ml/min and 80-100% of own insulin for insulin-users. They receive half of this daily dose in long-acting insulin once a day. The other half of their total daily dose of insulin is provided as short-acting mealtime insulin. This short-acting insulin is administered before each meal. When needed, extra insulin can be given when needed.

The measurements of blood glucose values are before each meal and at bedtime (4x/day).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Basal bolus insulin regimen

Intervention Type OTHER

Combination of long-acting and short-acting insulin in a proactive schedule for achieving better blood glucose values postoperatively

Sliding Scale

Short-acting insulin is administered when blood glucose value is above 10,0 mmol/L according to a standardized dosage schedule. The measurements of blood glucose values are before each meal and at bedtime (4x/day).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Basal bolus insulin regimen

Combination of long-acting and short-acting insulin in a proactive schedule for achieving better blood glucose values postoperatively

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients aged 18 or older
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus
* Undergoing gastointestinal or vascular surgery
* Admitted to one of the participating surgical wards
* Expected duration of stay at least one overnight stay
* Willing and able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus
* Female of child-bearing potential who is pregnant or breastfeeding.
* Undergoing complete pancreatectomy
* Undergoing bariatric surgery
* Patients using a continuous insulin pump at home
* Patients undergoing a necrotectomy/wound debridement from a pre-existent wound.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Abraham Hulst, MD, PhD

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Abraham Hulst, MD, PhD

Clinical investigator, anesthesiologist

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sarah E. Siegelaar, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Amsterdam UMC, location AMC

Locations

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Amsterdam UMC

Amsterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Netherlands

Central Contacts

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Ayla Y. Stobbe, MD

Role: CONTACT

0031205669111

Sarah E. Siegelaar, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

0031205669111

Facility Contacts

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Ayla Y. Stobbe, MD

Role: primary

020-5669111

References

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Kao LS, Phatak UR. Glycemic control and prevention of surgical site infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013 Oct;14(5):437-44. doi: 10.1089/sur.2013.008. Epub 2013 Oct 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24111757 (View on PubMed)

Kotagal M, Symons RG, Hirsch IB, Umpierrez GE, Dellinger EP, Farrokhi ET, Flum DR; SCOAP-CERTAIN Collaborative. Perioperative hyperglycemia and risk of adverse events among patients with and without diabetes. Ann Surg. 2015 Jan;261(1):97-103. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000688.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25133932 (View on PubMed)

Polderman JA, Van Velzen L, Wasmoeth LG, Eshuis JH, Houweling PL, Hollmann MW, Devries JH, Preckel B, Hermanides J. Hyperglycemia and ambulatory surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015 Sep;81(9):951-9. Epub 2015 Jan 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25592489 (View on PubMed)

de Vries FE, Gans SL, Solomkin JS, Allegranzi B, Egger M, Dellinger EP, Boermeester MA. Meta-analysis of lower perioperative blood glucose target levels for reduction of surgical-site infection. Br J Surg. 2017 Jan;104(2):e95-e105. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10424. Epub 2016 Nov 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27901264 (View on PubMed)

Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Jacobs S, Peng L, Temponi A, Mulligan P, Umpierrez D, Newton C, Olson D, Rizzo M. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):256-61. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1407. Epub 2011 Jan 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21228246 (View on PubMed)

de Lissovoy G, Fraeman K, Hutchins V, Murphy D, Song D, Vaughn BB. Surgical site infection: incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs. Am J Infect Control. 2009 Jun;37(5):387-397. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.12.010. Epub 2009 Apr 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19398246 (View on PubMed)

Phillips VL, Byrd AL, Adeel S, Peng L, Smiley DD, Umpierrez GE. A Comparison of Inpatient Cost Per Day in General Surgery Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Basal-Bolus versus Sliding Scale Insulin Regimens. Pharmacoecon Open. 2017;1(2):109-115. doi: 10.1007/s41669-017-0020-9. Epub 2017 Apr 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28660256 (View on PubMed)

Koek MBG, van der Kooi TII, Stigter FCA, de Boer PT, de Gier B, Hopmans TEM, de Greeff SC; Burden of SSI Study Group. Burden of surgical site infections in the Netherlands: cost analyses and disability-adjusted life years. J Hosp Infect. 2019 Nov;103(3):293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.07.010. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31330166 (View on PubMed)

Fowler AJ, Wahedally MAH, Abbott TEF, Smuk M, Prowle JR, Pearse RM, Cromwell DA. Death after surgery among patients with chronic disease: prospective study of routinely collected data in the English NHS. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Feb;128(2):333-342. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.011. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34949439 (View on PubMed)

Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009 May 23;373(9677):1798-807. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60553-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19465235 (View on PubMed)

Lai J, Li Q, He Y, Zou S, Bai X, Rastogi S. Glycemic Control Regimens in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Surg. 2022 Mar 25;9:855409. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.855409. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35402490 (View on PubMed)

Colunga-Lozano LE, Gonzalez Torres FJ, Delgado-Figueroa N, Gonzalez-Padilla DA, Hernandez AV, Roman Y, Cuello-Garcia CA. Sliding scale insulin for non-critically ill hospitalised adults with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 29;11(11):CD011296. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011296.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30488948 (View on PubMed)

Okabayashi T, Shima Y, Sumiyoshi T, Kozuki A, Tokumaru T, Iiyama T, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, Yokoyama M, Hanazaki K. Intensive versus intermediate glucose control in surgical intensive care unit patients. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jun;37(6):1516-24. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1771. Epub 2014 Mar 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24623024 (View on PubMed)

Yuan J, Liu T, Zhang X, Si Y, Ye Y, Zhao C, Wang Q, Shen X. Intensive Versus Conventional Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes During Enteral Nutrition After Gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015 Aug;19(8):1553-8. doi: 10.1007/s11605-015-2871-7. Epub 2015 Jun 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26084869 (View on PubMed)

Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Zisman A, Prieto LM, Palacio A, Ceron M, Puig A, Mejia R. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care. 2007 Sep;30(9):2181-6. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0295. Epub 2007 May 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17513708 (View on PubMed)

Migdal AL, Fortin-Leung C, Pasquel F, Wang H, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. Inpatient Glycemic Control With Sliding Scale Insulin in Noncritical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Who Can Slide? J Hosp Med. 2021 Aug;16(8):462-468. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3654.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34328842 (View on PubMed)

Korytkowski MT, Muniyappa R, Antinori-Lent K, Donihi AC, Drincic AT, Hirsch IB, Luger A, McDonnell ME, Murad MH, Nielsen C, Pegg C, Rushakoff RJ, Santesso N, Umpierrez GE. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul 14;107(8):2101-2128. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac278.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35690958 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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GUIDE trial

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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