Oxidative-reductive Processes and the Degree of Inflammation in Saliva With Conventional Brackets and Clear Aligners

NCT ID: NCT06507592

Last Updated: 2024-07-18

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

26 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-27

Study Completion Date

2024-12-21

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this prospective observational study is to evaluate the differences in oxidative-reductive processes and the degree of inflammation in saliva during treatment with conventional brackets and clear aligners. The evaluation will be performed by determining the salivary values of Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and 8-hidroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG).

Detailed Description

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The differences between production of free radicals and the antioxidant capacity of a system is called oxidative stress, this leads oxidative damages to macromolecules, including lipids and proteins.

Oxidative stress occurs in the tissues when the normal balance between ROS production (extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species) and the antioxidant defense shifts in favor of the first; this situation can result from an excess of ROS and/or the reduction of antioxidants. Some ROS types (e.g. superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid) are capable to directly damage proteins, carbohydrates, DNA and lipids; furthermore, ROS production and an altered redox state of tissues can modulate the expression of a variety of immune and inflammatory molecules through redox sensitive transcription factors (eg NF-kB, AP-1), causing thus indirect tissue damage such as inflammation.

Antioxidants agents are found in all biological species to protect against the potential harmful effects of processes or reactions that cause excessive oxidation. Therefore, biological antioxidants represent an important part of our diet and, together with intracellular antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme systems, may prevent various diseases. Antioxidant defense systems are very complex and for this reason it is essential to evaluate the quantity and / or activity of the different systems when evaluating their in vivo state.

Studies on the antioxidant defense systems present in saliva and their relationship with oral diseases are still few. Despite markers of oxidative stress have been found in saliva in presence of systemic and oral diseases, including inflammatory diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, caries and oral cancer.4, 15 During an orthodontic treatment, which often lasts for years, some components of the used orthodontic appliance can be released into the oral environment and saliva. The release of these components and their diffusion can cause various adverse effects in the body, such as allergic reactions, systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Although there has been satisfactory development of orthodontic materials, the biocompatibility of these materials is usually not well known. The evaluation of these characteristics of orthodontic materials is as important aspect as their physiological or mechanical properties. However, the studies on these characteristics are limited, and they are mostly related to the cytotoxic effects of orthodontic adhesives. The total state of the oxidant (TOS) and the antioxidant (TAS) reflects the oxidative state and provides information on the body's antioxidant capacity. Oxidative damage to DNA can be detected by chemical, physical and enzymatic methods. 8-hydroxyoxiguanosin (8-OHdG) is an oxidized nucleoside which is excreted in body fluids for DNA repair. Several studies have shown that 8-OHdG in body fluids can act as a biomarker of oxidative stress and 8-OHdG is commonly used as a marker to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have in fact indicated a possible relationship between the salivary levels of 8-OHdG and the diseased periodontium. However, the levels of TOS, TAS and 8-OHdG in patients undergoing therapy with conventional brackets and with clear aligners has not yet been studied.

Conditions

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Inflammation Oxidative Stress TNF-α

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Fixed Appliances (FA)

13 patients with fixed appliances, between 10 and 18 years of age, with good oral hygiene and without gingival inflammation, has been recruited

Group Type OTHER

Saliva samples collection

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The first sample of saliva was be taken before the start of the treatment and considered as the control sample (T0); the second sample was be taken one month after the start of the treatment (T1) and the third one after three months (T2).

Clear Aligners (CA)

13 patients with clear aligners, between 10 and 18 years of age, with good oral hygiene and without gingival inflammation, has been recruited

Group Type OTHER

Saliva samples collection

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

The first sample of saliva was be taken before the start of the treatment and considered as the control sample (T0); the second sample was be taken one month after the start of the treatment (T1) and the third one after three months (T2).

Interventions

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Saliva samples collection

The first sample of saliva was be taken before the start of the treatment and considered as the control sample (T0); the second sample was be taken one month after the start of the treatment (T1) and the third one after three months (T2).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* age between 10 and 18 years
* patients with no orthodontic devices in the mouth
* patients requiring orthodontic treatment
* patients who have good oral hygiene
* patients without gingival inflammation

Exclusion Criteria

* patients with systemic diseases or infections
* patients with previous orthodontic treatments
* patients on drugs or assuming alcohol
* smoking patients
* patients with enamel decalcification or fillings
Minimum Eligible Age

10 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Vincenzo Grassia

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Vincenzo Grassia, DDs, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Locations

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Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties

Naples, , Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Angelieri F, Carlin V, Martins RA, Ribeiro DA. Biomonitoring of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Apr;139(4 Suppl):e399-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.029.

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Chiou CC, Chang PY, Chan EC, Wu TL, Tsao KC, Wu JT. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its analogs as DNA marker of oxidative stress: development of an ELISA and measurement in both bladder and prostate cancers. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Aug;334(1-2):87-94. doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00191-8.

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PMID: 12867278 (View on PubMed)

Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, Cooke MS. Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutat Res. 2004 Sep;567(1):1-61. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.11.001.

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Kaplan MD, Baum BJ. The functions of saliva. Dysphagia. 1993;8(3):225-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01354542.

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Cuevas-Cordoba B, Santiago-Garcia J. Saliva: a fluid of study for OMICS. OMICS. 2014 Feb;18(2):87-97. doi: 10.1089/omi.2013.0064. Epub 2014 Jan 3.

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Canakci CF, Canakci V, Tatar A, Eltas A, Sezer U, Cicek Y, Oztas S. Increased salivary level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is a marker of premature oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2009 May-Jun;57(3):205-11. doi: 10.1007/s00005-009-0026-9. Epub 2009 May 29.

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Other Identifiers

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N. Prot. 0637

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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