The Efficacy of Tongue Exercises on Swallowing Function in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
NCT ID: NCT06490705
Last Updated: 2025-01-08
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
88 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-11-19
2024-01-25
Brief Summary
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This is a longitudinal research design using cluster randomization. Participants were randomly divided into three groups by computer: Experimental Group 1 received tongue resistance exercises; Experimental Group 2 received both tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises; and the control group received oral and cheek bulging exercises.
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Detailed Description
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The exercise intervention is divided into two stages. After completing the pre-test (T1), the first stage of 12 weeks of exercise begins, with evaluations conducted at the 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 12th week (T4). After a 12-week rest period (T5), the second phase of Boosters exercise is conducted for another 12 weeks, followed by an immediate post-test (T6) and a final evaluation after another 12 weeks of rest (T7). Participants received exercise 6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes.
Before conducting the study, all participants received a complete explanation of the purpose, risks, and procedures of the investigation, and provided written informed consent. Procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee on human experimentation at the institution where the work was conducted, and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
Group 1 received tongue resistance exercises. Group 2 received both tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises.
Group 3: control group received oral and cheek bulging exercises. The exercise intervention is divided into two stages. After completing the pre-test (T1), the first stage of 12 weeks of exercise begins, with evaluations conducted at the 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 12th week (T4). After a 12-week rest period (T5), the second phase of Boosters exercise is conducted for another 12 weeks, followed by an immediate post-test (T6) and a final evaluation after another 12 weeks of rest (T7). Participants received exercise 6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes.
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Tongue resistance exercises
Participants received tongue resistance exercises 6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes.
The exercise intervention is divided into two stages. After completing the pre-test (T1), the first stage of 12 weeks of exercise begins, with evaluations conducted at the 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 12th week (T4). After a 12-week rest period (T5), the second phase of Boosters exercise is conducted for another 12 weeks, followed by an immediate post-test (T6) and a final evaluation after another 12 weeks of rest (T7).
tongue resistance exercises, tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises
6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes. Don't hold your breath during exercise.
Before conducting the study, all participants received a complete explanation of the purpose, risks, and procedures of the investigation, and provided written informed consent. Procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee on human experimentation at the institution at which the work was conducted and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises
Participants received tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises 6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes.
The exercise intervention is divided into two stages. After completing the pre-test (T1), the first stage of 12 weeks of exercise begins, with evaluations conducted at the 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 12th week (T4). After a 12-week rest period (T5), the second phase of Boosters exercise is conducted for another 12 weeks, followed by an immediate post-test (T6) and a final evaluation after another 12 weeks of rest (T7).
tongue resistance exercises, tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises
6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes. Don't hold your breath during exercise.
Before conducting the study, all participants received a complete explanation of the purpose, risks, and procedures of the investigation, and provided written informed consent. Procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee on human experimentation at the institution at which the work was conducted and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
cheek bulging exercises
Participants received cheek bulging exercises6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes.
The exercise intervention is divided into two stages. After completing the pre-test (T1), the first stage of 12 weeks of exercise begins, with evaluations conducted at the 4th week (T2), 8th week (T3), and 12th week (T4). After a 12-week rest period (T5), the second phase of Boosters exercise is conducted for another 12 weeks, followed by an immediate post-test (T6) and a final evaluation after another 12 weeks of rest (T7).
tongue resistance exercises, tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises
6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes. Don't hold your breath during exercise.
Before conducting the study, all participants received a complete explanation of the purpose, risks, and procedures of the investigation, and provided written informed consent. Procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee on human experimentation at the institution at which the work was conducted and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Interventions
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tongue resistance exercises, tongue strengthening exercises and tongue resistance exercises
6 days a week, 3 times a day (before meals), with each session lasting 30 minutes. Don't hold your breath during exercise.
Before conducting the study, all participants received a complete explanation of the purpose, risks, and procedures of the investigation, and provided written informed consent. Procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee on human experimentation at the institution at which the work was conducted and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* B. Frailty assessment in older adults: Score of at least 1 point.
* C. Cognitive function assessment: Score of \>=16 for individuals with no education; \>=20 for those with elementary education; \>=24 for those with junior high school education or higher.
Exclusion Criteria
* B. Unable to move independently or requires assistance.
* C. Unable to raise head or neck.
* D. Recent use of anticholinergic medications, asthma medications, or central nervous system depressants (Benzodiazepines).
* E. Aspiration pneumonia.
* F. Tracheostomy in place.
* G. Neuromuscular disorder.
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Taipei Medical University
OTHER
Chang Gung Medical Foundation
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Kao, Shu-Hua
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou
Principal Investigators
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Kao S Hua, Master
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Locations
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Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou
Taoyuan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Countries
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References
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Jones E, Speyer R, Kertscher B, Denman D, Swan K, Cordier R. Health-Related Quality of Life and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Systematic Review. Dysphagia. 2018 Apr;33(2):141-172. doi: 10.1007/s00455-017-9844-9. Epub 2017 Sep 2.
Lazarus C, Logemann JA, Huang CF, Rademaker AW. Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young normals. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2003 Jul-Aug;55(4):199-205. doi: 10.1159/000071019.
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86. No abstract available.
Park T, Kim Y. Effects of tongue pressing effortful swallow in older healthy individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016 Sep-Oct;66:127-33. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
Rech RS, de Goulart BNG, Dos Santos KW, Marcolino MAZ, Hilgert JB. Frequency and associated factors for swallowing impairment in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Dec;34(12):2945-2961. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02258-x. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
Robbins J, Kays SA, Gangnon RE, Hind JA, Hewitt AL, Gentry LR, Taylor AJ. The effects of lingual exercise in stroke patients with dysphagia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Feb;88(2):150-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.11.002.
Sakai K, Nakayama E, Yoneoka D, Sakata N, Iijima K, Tanaka T, Hayashi K, Sakuma K, Hoshino E. Association of Oral Function and Dysphagia with Frailty and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells. 2022 Jul 14;11(14):2199. doi: 10.3390/cells11142199.
Other Identifiers
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ChangGungMF
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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