Impact of Sociodemographic, Psychological, and Quality of Life Factors on Dual-Task Performance in Elderly Iraqis
NCT ID: NCT06476561
Last Updated: 2024-06-26
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
384 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2024-03-01
2024-05-10
Brief Summary
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The study hypothesizes that better physical health and quality of life will be associated with improved dual-task performance, while higher levels of psychological distress may negatively impact this ability. Data were collected from 384 healthy community-dwelling elderly participants aged 60 and above in Najaf, Iraq, using validated tools such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF). Dual-task performance was assessed through the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) combined with a cognitive task of counting backward by threes.
The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the factors that affect cognitive and motor functions in the elderly, helping to inform the development of targeted interventions and policies aimed at improving the quality of life and care for Iraq's aging population. Understanding these influences is crucial for enhancing elderly care, preventing falls, supporting cognitive health, and informing policies to improve the quality of life for Iraq's aging population.
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Detailed Description
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Study Hypothesis:
The study hypothesizes that better physical health and quality of life will be associated with improved dual-task performance, while higher levels of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) will negatively impact this ability.
Participants:
The study includes 384 healthy community-dwelling participants aged 60 and above, recruited from various community centers, healthcare facilities, and local organizations in Najaf, Iraq. Inclusion criteria cover individuals irrespective of gender, marital status, education level, income, socioeconomic status, urban or rural residence, and employment status. Exclusion criteria include severe physical or mental health conditions, language barriers, severe communication issues, and unwillingness to participate. Cognitive status below the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) limit based on evaluator observations also led to exclusion.
Data Collection Tools:
1. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21): A 21-item scale assessing depression, anxiety, and stress, rated on a 4-point Likert scale.
2. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): A 15-item instrument measuring mindfulness, rated on a 6-point Likert scale.
3. World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF): A 26-item questionnaire measuring physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment.
Dual-Task Performance Assessment:
Participants' dual-task performance was evaluated using the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), where they place and remove nine pegs in a series of holes as quickly as possible. This motor task was combined with a cognitive task of counting backward by threes. Performance was assessed by comparing the time taken to complete the NHPT alone with the time taken while also performing the cognitive task.
Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics and scale scores. Correlation analyses examined relationships between variables affecting dual-task performance. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for these analyses. Multivariate regression analyses were employed to isolate the independent effects of the variables on dual-task performance, with independent variables including demographic factors (age), DASS-21, MAAS, and WHOQOL-BREF scores. The regression model's goodness-of-fit was assessed using R-squared, adjusted R-squared, and F-statistic values. Regression coefficients, standard errors, and t-statistics tested the significance of predictors, with a significance level of \\( p \< 0.05 \\) for all hypothesis tests. Data normality was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, confirming normal distribution. Missing data analysis ensured data integrity and completeness.
Sample Size Assessment:
A sample size of 384 participants was calculated to ensure a representative sample of the elderly population in Najaf, Iraq, with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error.
Plan for Missing Data:
Missing data were addressed by determining if data were missing at random. Appropriate statistical methods were applied to handle missing data, ensuring the integrity of the dataset used in analyses.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Elderly Participants in Iraq
This study group consists of community-dwelling elderly individuals aged 60 and above residing in Najaf, Iraq. The participants are healthy and do not have severe physical or mental health conditions. They are evaluated to understand how sociodemographic, psychological, and quality of life factors influence their dual-task performance, which includes both cognitive and motor functions. The study aims to provide insights into factors affecting their ability to perform dual tasks, contributing to the development of targeted interventions and policies for improving the quality of life and care for Iraq's aging population.
- Sociodemographic Assessment - Psychological Assessment - Quality of Life Assessment - D
The study involves several assessments to evaluate the impact of various factors on dual-task performance in elderly individuals:
1. Sociodemographic Assessment: Collection of data on age, gender, education, income, marital status, and other relevant factors.
2. Psychological Assessment: Use of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
3. Quality of Life Assessment: Utilization of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment.
4. Dual-Task Performance Evaluation: Measurement of the ability to perform a cognitive task (counting backward by threes) simultaneously with a motor task (Nine-Hole Peg Test). The dual-task cost (DTC) is calculated to quantify the impact of cognitive load on motor performance.
Interventions
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- Sociodemographic Assessment - Psychological Assessment - Quality of Life Assessment - D
The study involves several assessments to evaluate the impact of various factors on dual-task performance in elderly individuals:
1. Sociodemographic Assessment: Collection of data on age, gender, education, income, marital status, and other relevant factors.
2. Psychological Assessment: Use of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
3. Quality of Life Assessment: Utilization of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment.
4. Dual-Task Performance Evaluation: Measurement of the ability to perform a cognitive task (counting backward by threes) simultaneously with a motor task (Nine-Hole Peg Test). The dual-task cost (DTC) is calculated to quantify the impact of cognitive load on motor performance.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Healthy community-dwelling individuals
* Ability to understand and comply with study procedures
* Willingness to provide informed consent
* Residing in Najaf, Iraq
Exclusion Criteria
* Severe mental health conditions (e.g., severe depression, severe anxiety, schizophrenia)
* Cognitive status below the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) limit
* Language barriers preventing understanding of study procedures
* Severe communication issues
* Unwillingness to participate
* Presence of consciousness disorders such as dementia
* Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would interfere with the ability to complete the study or pose a risk to the participant's health
60 Years
89 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Çankırı Karatekin University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Ceyhun Türkmen
Assoc. Prof.
Principal Investigators
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Ceyhun Türkmen, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Çankırı Karatekin University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Occupational Therapy
Locations
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Ceyhun Türkmen
Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Abo M, Hamaguchi T. Effectiveness of a Dual-Task Intervention Involving Exercise and Vocalized Cognitive Tasks. J Clin Med. 2024 May 17;13(10):2962. doi: 10.3390/jcm13102962.
Mahmood KA, Saleh AM. Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2023 Jun 10;85(7):3409-3417. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000957. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Ali AM, Ahmed A, Sharaf A, Kawakami N, Abdeldayem SM, Green J. The Arabic Version of The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21: Cumulative scaling and discriminant-validation testing. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017 Dec;30:56-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
Baek JE, Hyeon SJ, Kim M, Cho HY, Hahm SC. Effects of dual-task resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and activities of daily living in older adults with cognitive impairment: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2024 Apr 24;24(1):369. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-04942-1.
Bherer L, Erickson KI, Liu-Ambrose T. A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. J Aging Res. 2013;2013:657508. doi: 10.1155/2013/657508. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Bowen A, Wenman R, Mickelborough J, Foster J, Hill E, Tallis R. Dual-task effects of talking while walking on velocity and balance following a stroke. Age Ageing. 2001 Jul;30(4):319-23. doi: 10.1093/ageing/30.4.319.
Other Identifiers
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1bd259b9391040ed].
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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