Experiment Among Smokers in Which Two Variables Are Manipulated: Ostracism and Concealability

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

340 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2028-05-31

Study Completion Date

2028-12-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this experimental study is to learn about the effects of ostracism and concealment among adult smokers. The main aims are:

1. Determine the causal consequences of gendered stigmatization. Specifically, do women react more strongly than men to exclusion (as opposed to inclusion) especially when their gender is revealed (as opposed to concealed) for outcomes such as smoking stigma, stress, cognitive depletion, smoking attitudes, and smoking cessation intentions (Study 3)?
2. Examine the moderating roles of cultural context. Specifically, contrasting the cultural context in the US and Denmark (where gender norms are more egalitarian) do Danish smokers show fewer gender differences than US smokers in how they describe and react to their smoking stigmatization experiences (Study 1, 2, and 3)?

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Detailed Description

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The proposed studies examine cross-culturally the reasons why among smokers, women feel more stigmatized than men do. An experiment with US and Danish smokers will examine how men and women differ in their reactions to being stigmatized (using a standard exclusion manipulation) when their gender is revealed instead of concealed. The outcome measures will include stress, smoking stigma, cognitive depletion, smoking attitudes, and smoking cessation intentions.

Conditions

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Ostracism

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Ostracism

Ostracism is manipulated by randomly assigning people to the inclusion condition (they play an online ball tossing game and get the ball passed a third of the time) or exclusion condition (they get the ball passed twice in the beginning of the game and then not again).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Do men and women differ in their reactions to the experimental conditions.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Do men and women differ in their reactions to the experimental conditions.

Concealment

Concealment is manipulated by randomly assigning the participants to information that the other players did (revealed condition) or did not know (concealed condition) the gender of the participant.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL