Preterm Newborn Mothers' Anxiety and Self-Efficacy

NCT ID: NCT06359288

Last Updated: 2024-10-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-01

Study Completion Date

2024-03-23

Brief Summary

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of QR code supported infant care training given to mothers of preterm newborns on maternal self-efficacy and maternal anxiety level .

Detailed Description

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Maternal and child health is an important health indicator of societies. According to the World Health Organisation, almost half of all under-five child deaths are neonatal deaths. In order to reduce these deaths, especially in the neonatal period, it is very important for mothers to learn and correctly apply infant care. In studies conducted with mothers of preterm newborns, it was determined that mothers felt themselves inadequate after taking care responsibilities after discharge, expressed that they needed training for the care of the baby, and preferred to remain bystanders because they were less confident in the care of the baby. However, other studies have reported that preterm and hospitalised infants have a negative impact on the development of the mothering role. Prematurity may increase maternal anxiety and negatively affect perceived maternal self-efficacy. At the same time, the mother's intense anxiety and inadequate perceived maternal self-efficacy negatively affect infant care.

Maternal self-efficacy perception is mothers' beliefs about being successful in their parenting role and is an important mechanism guiding the interactions of preterm newborns and their mothers in the hospital. In order for this mechanism to continue in a healthy way, the nurse should identify the aspects that mothers perceive themselves as adequate or that mothers perceive as negative from birth and observe all their interventions towards the baby. Self-efficacy, which can be gained through learning by observation, can be maximised in the postnatal period by nurses demonstrating the principles they want to teach. Therefore, nurses should clearly show the practices for infant care to mothers and support the perception of maternal self-efficacy.

Today, traditional materials used in the educational process (blackboard, book, etc.) are replaced by smart and portable devices (e-book, smart board, tablet, etc.). In this context, QR codes serve as a bridge between old and new education models. In other words, QR codes increase the effectiveness of mobile education by integrating mobile devices into traditional educational materials. QR codes are a cheap and easy process for delivering information to individuals. When the literature is analysed, it is seen that the interest and motivation in the subject increases when the training sessions offered through the internet and printed learning materials are used together. QR codes are frequently used in educational activities due to their versatility and their ability to enable different learning environments. When the benefits of QR codes are analysed in studies conducted on healthcare professionals, students, and educators in the literature, they can be listed as ease of use and ease of access, adaptability, simplicity of development and potential environmental benefits compared to other access methods. However, studies on the use of QR codes in patient education in the field of nursing are limited.

Conditions

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Nursing Care Mother-Infant Interaction Education

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study was conducted experimentally with a pre-test and post-test control group.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
Double blinding was used in the study. For this purpose, the participants were not specified in which group they belonged to the research. Therefore, a separate informed consent form was prepared for each group. In order to avoid bias in the analysis of the research data, statistician blinding was also applied.

While coding the research data, the research groups were coded as A and B, and the statistician was prevented from knowing which letter represented which group.

Study Groups

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Group receiving QR code supported training

Training sessions in the training class run three days a week for two weeks. 6. During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide in order to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. URL addresses of the videos were obtained and then QR Codes were created. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The difference between the groups was that videos on newborn care were shown and QR Code training guides with the same content as the SC group created by the researchers on newborn care were distributed.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Group receiving QR code supported training

Intervention Type OTHER

During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The QR codes in the Implementation Guide on the Care of the Newborn consist of eight videos) that allow mothers to watch the hygienic care of the newborn in practice. After the end of this phase of the training, the questionnaires were re-administered to the mothers in both groups one month after discharge.

Recommendations to start care

In the training class, mothers who are preparing for discharge are currently given training on the appearance, feeding, care, vaccinations, sleep and health checks of the premature infant, and the care of the newborn is carried out practically.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Group receiving QR code supported training

During the training process, QR codes were integrated into the sections related to the care of the newborn in the guide to provide mothers with the opportunity to watch the video simultaneously while reading the guide in practices requiring skills related to hygienic care of the newborn and nutrition / communication / sleep, and to allow them to watch it repeatedly as long as they feel the need. In these videos, the application steps were shown one by one. When the code is scanned with a smartphone, it automatically redirects the user to the specified URL. The QR codes in the Implementation Guide on the Care of the Newborn consist of eight videos) that allow mothers to watch the hygienic care of the newborn in practice. After the end of this phase of the training, the questionnaires were re-administered to the mothers in both groups one month after discharge.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Preterm infant who were born between 28-36+6 gestational weeks
* Preterm infant with a low birth weight at hospitalization (between 1500-2500 g)
* Preterm infant weight of 2500 g or more at discharge,
* Preterm infant who had stable vital signs,
* Preterm infant who do not use muscle relaxants, analgesics, sedatives or inotropic drugs,
* Preterm infant who do not have a serious neurological disease
* Mothers who stay with the baby for at least one month after discharge,
* Mothers who voluntarily accepting the study,
* Mothers who not being diagnosed with a psychiatric illness.

Exclusion Criteria

* Mothers who did not have the ability to read and understand Turkish,
* Mothers who did not use/access the internet,
* Mothers who had twin babies
* Mothers whose babies with a disease that would prevent post-discharge care
Minimum Eligible Age

19 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Kocaeli University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Sinem Yalnızoglu Caka

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Kocaeli University

Kocaeli, İzmit, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Bellot J, Shaffer K, Wang M. Use of quick response coding to create interactive patient and provider resources. J Nurs Educ. 2015 Apr;54(4):224-7. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20150318-07.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25826764 (View on PubMed)

Barnes CR, Adamson-Macedo EN. Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. J Adv Nurs. 2007 Dec;60(5):550-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04445.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17973719 (View on PubMed)

Afand N, Keshavarz M, Fatemi NS, Montazeri A. Effects of infant massage on state anxiety in mothers of preterm infants prior to hospital discharge. J Clin Nurs. 2017 Jul;26(13-14):1887-1892. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13498. Epub 2017 Mar 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27486850 (View on PubMed)

Kadiroglu T, Guducu Tufekci F. Effect of Infant Care Training on Maternal Bonding, Motherhood Self-Efficacy, and Self-Confidence in Mothers of Preterm Newborns. Matern Child Health J. 2022 Jan;26(1):131-138. doi: 10.1007/s10995-021-03287-0. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34837599 (View on PubMed)

Pazarcıkcı F, Efe E. (2017). Preterm Bebeklerin Taburculuk Sonrası Evde Bakımının Sağlanmasında Hemşirenin Rolü. MAKÜ Sag. Bil. Enst. Derg, 5 (1), 45-52.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Baiardini I, Tzialla C, Stronati M. The development of parents-infant relationship in high-risk pregnancies and preterm birth. JPNIM, 2014, 3: e030233.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Rawlins LN, Seaman KA. The Use of QR Codes to Engage Nursing Students With Next Generation NCLEX. J Nurs Educ. 2024 Mar;63(3):186-187. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20240108-02. Epub 2024 Mar 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38442404 (View on PubMed)

Ritchie SK. Primary care of the premature infant discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2002 Mar-Apr;27(2):76-85. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200203000-00004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11984275 (View on PubMed)

Shorey S, Chan SW, Chong YS, He HG. Maternal parental self-efficacy in newborn care and social support needs in Singapore: a correlational study. J Clin Nurs. 2014 Aug;23(15-16):2272-82. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12507. Epub 2013 Dec 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24372630 (View on PubMed)

Tognasso G, Gorla L, Ambrosini C, Figurella F, De Carli P, Parolin L, Sarracino D, Santona A. Parenting Stress, Maternal Self-Efficacy and Confidence in Caretaking in a Sample of Mothers with Newborns (0-1 Month). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9651. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159651.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35955005 (View on PubMed)

Wolke D, Eryigit-Madzwamuse S, Gutbrod T. Very preterm/very low birthweight infants' attachment: infant and maternal characteristics. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Jan;99(1):F70-5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303788. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23792355 (View on PubMed)

Yayan, E. H., Özdemir, M., Düken, M. E., Suna Dağ, Y. (2019). Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Bebeği Yatan Ebeveynlerin Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (GÜSBD), 8(1), 82-89.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Shrestha S, Adachi K, Petrini MA, Shrestha S, Rana Khagi B. Development and evaluation of a newborn care education programme in primiparous mothers in Nepal. Midwifery. 2016 Nov;42:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Sep 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27710817 (View on PubMed)

Silva, I. O. A. M. D., Aredes, N. D. A., Bicalho, M. B., Delácio, N. C. B., Mazzo, L. D. L., & Fonseca, L. M. M. (2018). Booklet on premature infants as educational technology for the family: quasi-experimental study. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 31, 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201800048

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Caka SY, Topal S, Ozturkler S, Celenkoglu FT, Gunlemez A. The Effect of QR Code Supported Newborn Care Training Given to Mothers With Premature Infant on Self-Efficacy and Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2025 Sep;39(3):e70051. doi: 10.1111/scs.70051.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40605472 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2023/01.11/2023/6

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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