Comparison of the Effects of Peripheral Muscle Training and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Geriatric Individuals

NCT ID: NCT06321263

Last Updated: 2025-05-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-03-25

Study Completion Date

2025-06-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

In geriatric individuals, there is a decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance with ageing. These physiological changes occurring in geriatric individuals make maintaining the physical activity necessary for a healthy life difficult. Weakness of respiratory muscles in geriatric individuals can increase the prevalence of diseases and disability. It has been shown in the literature that peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training increase exercise capacity similarly. The effectiveness of moderate-intensity peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training in sarcopenic geriatric individuals was compared and found to have similar effects on muscle strength.

Our study aims to compare the effects of inspiratory and peripheral muscle training in addition to aerobic exercise on muscle strength, physical performance, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, sarcopenia, and quality of life.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Aging causes decline in physiological systems, including the cardiorespiratory system, musculo-skeletal system, vestibulo-ocular system, slowed postural control and cognitive function (especially dual task and executive functions). These changes occurring in geriatric individuals are an increased risk factor for various diseases and affect the individual's daily living activities, working life, addiction status and communication with the environment.

The most recommended physical activity subgroups in the guidelines for geriatric individuals are aerobic exercises, strengthening exercises, flexibility exercises and balance exercises. Physiological changes that occur in the organism during the aging process can cause muscle weakness, functional losses/limitations, balance problems, cognitive problems, chronic diseases and mortality. However, physiological and mechanical respiratory changes in geriatric individuals; It is known that there is a decrease in lung elasticity, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall compliance. These physiological changes make it difficult to maintain the physical activity necessary for a healthy life. It has also been shown that weakness of respiratory muscles in geriatric individuals can increase the rate of morbidity and mortality.

It is reported in the literature that respiratory muscle training (RMT) strengthens the diaphragm in geriatric individuals and may have a protective effect against respiratory tract infections by improving aerobic capacity, physical performance and coughing skill. In addition, studies have shown that Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) increases the strength of the inspiratory respiratory muscles, allows a more mechanically effective breathing pattern, and provides improvements in exercise capacity, diaphragm thickness and mobility, cardiac autonomic control and functional autonomy. Studies have shown that IMT is effective and applicable in improving balance ability. It has been reported to improve dynamic and reactive balance, as well as gait speed and inspiratory muscle function in healthy geriatric individuals. Considering the stated benefits of IMT, some authors suggest that it is an alternative or complementary training method that can be used for geriatric individuals, especially when other types of exercise are not possible, and that it should be added to rehabilitation programs.

In general, it has been reported in the literature that resistant exercise training is preferred as an intervention in geriatric individuals and that this training improves muscle strength, physical performance and functional performance. In a study where a high-intensity resistance training program was applied in sarcopenic geriatric women, it was reported that it increased respiratory muscle strength and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) and affected health-related quality of life.

There are opinions reported in the literature that improvement in peripheral and inspiratory muscle strength will reduce the risk of mortality. The effects of moderate-intensity peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training were compared in sarcopenic geriatric individuals and were found to have similar effects on muscle strength. It has been reported that there is no significant change in muscle mass and physical performance. However, no study has been found in which the aerobic and strengthening exercises recommended for geriatric individuals are combined. In order to shed light on this deficiency in the literature, the investigators aim in our study to compare the effects of peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training combined with aerobic training on muscle strength, physical performance, functional capacity and quality of life.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Muscle Strength

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Peripheral Muscle Training Group

Older individuals in this group will participate in group exercise training, including aerobic and resistance training, twice a week for ten weeks, each session supervised by a researcher physiotherapist and lasting one hour.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Peripheral Muscle Training and step aerobics training

Intervention Type OTHER

First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.

Inspiratory Muscle Training Group:

Older people in this group will perform aerobic and resistance training for 1 hour a day, twice a week for ten weeks, under the supervision of a researcher physiotherapist. As for Inspiratory Muscle Training, they will participate in training with 30 breathing cycles a day, six days a week, for ten weeks (two days in the clinic, four days at home).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Inspiratory Muscle Training and step aerobics training

Intervention Type OTHER

First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Peripheral Muscle Training and step aerobics training

First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.

Intervention Type OTHER

Inspiratory Muscle Training and step aerobics training

First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Peripheral Muscle Training Inspiratory Muscle Training

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* 65 years to 80 years (Older ),
* Standardised Mini Mental Test score ≥ 20,
* To walk 10 meters with or without an assistive device,
* If the participants answered No all of the questions of The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
* Volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

* With serious neurological and orthopedic problems that may prevent them from exercising,
* With serious vision and hearing problems,
* With a psychiatric disease,
* With serious cardiac and pulmonary system diseases that may prevent them from exercising,
* With vestibular system problems or medication use that may affect the vestibular system,
* Smokers.
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Biruni University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Buket AKINCI

Associate professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Buket Akıncı, Ass.Prof.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Biruni University

Sezen Uyanık, MSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Golden Years Life Center

Çanakkale, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Buket Akıncı, Ass.Prof.

Role: CONTACT

902124448276

Sezen Uyanık, MSc

Role: CONTACT

902862180018 ext. 14006

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Sezen Uyanık

Role: primary

0 286 21 800 18 ext. 14006

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jul 1;166(1):111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12091180 (View on PubMed)

Ferraro FV, Gavin JP, Wainwright TW, McConnell AK. Comparison of balance changes after inspiratory muscle or Otago exercise training. PLoS One. 2020 Jan 24;15(1):e0227379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227379. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31978126 (View on PubMed)

Flor-Rufino C, Barrachina-Igual J, Perez-Ros P, Pablos-Monzo A, Martinez-Arnau FM. Resistance training of peripheral muscles benefits respiratory parameters in older women with sarcopenia: Randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Jan;104:104799. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104799. Epub 2022 Aug 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36070636 (View on PubMed)

Hallage T, Krause MP, Haile L, Miculis CP, Nagle EF, Reis RS, Da Silva SG. The effects of 12 weeks of step aerobics training on functional fitness of elderly women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Aug;24(8):2261-6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddacc6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20634751 (View on PubMed)

Cebria I Iranzo MA, Balasch-Bernat M, Tortosa-Chulia MA, Balasch-Parisi S. Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act. 2018 Oct 1;26(4):637-646. doi: 10.1123/japa.2017-0268. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29431561 (View on PubMed)

Joung HJ, Lee Y. Effect of Creative Dance on Fitness, Functional Balance, and Mobility Control in the Elderly. Gerontology. 2019;65(5):537-546. doi: 10.1159/000499402. Epub 2019 May 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31055579 (View on PubMed)

Kalapotharakos VI, Diamantopoulos K, Tokmakidis SP. Effects of resistance training and detraining on muscle strength and functional performance of older adults aged 80 to 88 years. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010 Apr;22(2):134-40. doi: 10.1007/BF03324786.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20440099 (View on PubMed)

Kim SH, Shin MJ, Lee JM, Huh S, Shin YB. Effects of a new respiratory muscle training device in community-dwelling elderly men: an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Feb 24;22(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02828-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35209851 (View on PubMed)

Laveneziana P, Albuquerque A, Aliverti A, Babb T, Barreiro E, Dres M, Dube BP, Fauroux B, Gea J, Guenette JA, Hudson AL, Kabitz HJ, Laghi F, Langer D, Luo YM, Neder JA, O'Donnell D, Polkey MI, Rabinovich RA, Rossi A, Series F, Similowski T, Spengler CM, Vogiatzis I, Verges S. ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing at rest and during exercise. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jun 13;53(6):1801214. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01214-2018. Print 2019 Jun.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30956204 (View on PubMed)

Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013 Aug;14(8):531-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 Jun 25. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23810110 (View on PubMed)

Power M, Quinn K, Schmidt S; WHOQOL-OLD Group. Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Qual Life Res. 2005 Dec;14(10):2197-214. doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-7380-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16328900 (View on PubMed)

Puthoff ML. Outcome measures in cardiopulmonary physical therapy: short physical performance battery. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2008 Mar;19(1):17-22. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20467494 (View on PubMed)

Segev-Jacubovski O, Herman T, Yogev-Seligmann G, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Hausdorff JM. The interplay between gait, falls and cognition: can cognitive therapy reduce fall risk? Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Jul;11(7):1057-75. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.69.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21721921 (View on PubMed)

Seixas MB, Almeida LB, Trevizan PF, Martinez DG, Laterza MC, Vanderlei LCM, Silva LP. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults. Respir Care. 2020 Apr;65(4):535-544. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06945. Epub 2019 Oct 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31662444 (View on PubMed)

Woo J, Leung J, Morley JE. Validating the SARC-F: a suitable community screening tool for sarcopenia? J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014 Sep;15(9):630-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.021. Epub 2014 Jun 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24947762 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

798307

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.