The Malleability of Body Representation in Anorexia Nervosa: the Sixth Finger Illusion

NCT ID: NCT06316674

Last Updated: 2024-10-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-05-01

Study Completion Date

2024-04-30

Brief Summary

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Body representation can be explored using behavioural tasks such as motor imagery tasks as well as body illusions.

In both cases, evidence from studies on healthy individuals as well as patients with lesions to the central nervous system show that body representation is not set in stone: how we imagine our bodies is a dynamic and continuously updated process, to reflect changes in our own body as well as the environment.

In anorexia nervosa the representation of the body is very different from that of healthy individuals: the representation is more malleable, and easier to manipulate, while at the same time being more detached from physical constraints. These features of body representation in anorexia nervosa might contribute to the persistence of symptoms and to relapses too. Body representation has clear implications for treatment of anorexia nervosa too.

The study aims at evaluating the presence of differences in the malleability of the body representation, explored through the illusion of the sixth finger, between a group of people with AN and a group of normal weight people, taking into account the biomechanical constraints that characterize the physical and mentally represented body.

Detailed Description

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The ability to imagine our body in our mind is called body representation. This ability is grounded in sensory and perceptual process and it is crucial to plan action, to interact with the environment and so on. Body representation can be explored using behavioural tasks such as motor imagery tasks as well as body illusions.

Evidence from healthy individuals shows that we depend on physical constraints when we imagine actions we can do with our body: we are faster and more accurate in imagining an action that we can really perform. This phenomenon is called "biomechanical constraints effect" and it is an index that our brain is performing motor imagery. When a lesion occurs to the spinal cord, for example, this effect is not present anymore, supporting the idea that what occurs in our brain is strongly dependent on what we can do in the real word. This dependency from the real word, however, does not mean that the representation of the body in the mind is an exact copy of the physical body. For example, findings from experiments using body illusions show that we have a distorted representation of our body, even in absence of any lesion. Overall, evidence from body illusions in healthy individuals shows that we tend to overestimate features when we imagine our body, width in particular compared to length and height.

In both cases, evidence from studies on healthy individuals as well as patients with lesions to the central nervous system show that body representation is not set in stone: how we imagine our bodies is a dynamic and continuously updated process, to reflect changes in our own body as well as the environment.

Recent studies suggest that body representation is quite different in conditions that affect the body even in absence of central nervous system or brain impairments, such as anorexia nervosa. In patients affected by anorexia nervosa, motor imagery does not occur, and patients treat their body like it is an object. Similarly, when subjected to illusions of ownership, patients with anorexia nervosa experience the illusion more strongly than healthy individuals.

In anorexia nervosa the representation of the body is very different from that of healthy individuals: the representation is more malleable, and easier to manipulate, while at the same time being more detached from physical constraints. These features of body representation in anorexia nervosa might contribute to the persistence of symptoms and to relapses too. Body representation has clear implications for treatment of anorexia nervosa too.

The study aims at evaluating the presence of differences in the malleability of the body representation, explored through the illusion of the sixth finger, between a group of people with AN and a group of normal weight people, taking into account the biomechanical constraints that characterize the physical and mentally represented body.

Conditions

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Anorexia Nervosa

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

People affected by AN (DSM5); female, age 18-55, BMI ≤ 17.5 Kg/m2

sixth finger illusion

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will undertake the sixth finger illusion that is a body illusion which elicits the presence of an extra numerary finger due to visuo-tactile stimulation.

Healthy controls (HC)

female, age 18-55, BMI between 18.5 Kg/m2 and 25 Kg/m2

sixth finger illusion

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will undertake the sixth finger illusion that is a body illusion which elicits the presence of an extra numerary finger due to visuo-tactile stimulation.

Interventions

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sixth finger illusion

Participants will undertake the sixth finger illusion that is a body illusion which elicits the presence of an extra numerary finger due to visuo-tactile stimulation.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* female
* 18-55 years
* bmi ≤ 17.5 Kg/m2 for AN and BMI between 18.5 Kg/m2 e 25 Kg/m2 for healthy controls

Exclusion Criteria

* psychopathologies related to psychosis or brain injury lesions
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

55 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Heriot-Watt University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Birkbeck, University of London

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Istituto Auxologico Italiano

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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Istituto Auxologico italiano IRCSS

Milan, , Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

References

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Brusa F, Kretzschmar L, Magnani FG, Turner G, Garraffa M, Sedda A. Talking with hands: body representation in British Sign Language users. Exp Brain Res. 2021 Mar;239(3):731-744. doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-06013-4. Epub 2021 Jan 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33392694 (View on PubMed)

Brusa F, Suphi Erden M, Sedda A. Exploring the role of disgust in hands and feet laterality judgement tasks. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2024 Jul;77(7):1418-1429. doi: 10.1177/17470218231207336. Epub 2023 Nov 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37800303 (View on PubMed)

de Vignemont F. Body schema and body image--pros and cons. Neuropsychologia. 2010 Feb;48(3):669-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.022. Epub 2009 Sep 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19786038 (View on PubMed)

Eshkevari E, Rieger E, Longo MR, Haggard P, Treasure J. Increased plasticity of the bodily self in eating disorders. Psychol Med. 2012 Apr;42(4):819-28. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002091. Epub 2011 Oct 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22017964 (View on PubMed)

Eshkevari E, Rieger E, Longo MR, Haggard P, Treasure J. Persistent body image disturbance following recovery from eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2014 May;47(4):400-9. doi: 10.1002/eat.22219. Epub 2013 Nov 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24243423 (View on PubMed)

Fiori F, Sedda A, Ferre ER, Toraldo A, Querzola M, Pasotti F, Ovadia D, Piroddi C, Dell'Aquila R, Redaelli T, Bottini G. Motor imagery in spinal cord injury patients: moving makes the difference. J Neuropsychol. 2014 Sep;8(2):199-215. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12020. Epub 2013 May 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23672438 (View on PubMed)

Holmes NP, Spence C. The body schema and the multisensory representation(s) of peripersonal space. Cogn Process. 2004 Jun;5(2):94-105. doi: 10.1007/s10339-004-0013-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16467906 (View on PubMed)

Scarpina F, Bastoni I, Villa V, Mendolicchio L, Castelnuovo G, Mauro L, Sedda A. Self-perception in anorexia nervosa: When the body becomes an object. Neuropsychologia. 2022 Feb 10;166:108158. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108158. Epub 2022 Jan 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35033502 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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03C304

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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