Adaptation and Validation of the LUNS for Use in Turkey.

NCT ID: NCT06278805

Last Updated: 2025-07-09

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 110 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-03-01
• Study Completion Date: 2025-07-04

Brief Summary

According to the most up-to-date knowledge, there is no Turkish comprehensive and validated instrument to assess stroke survivors' unmet needs in the longer term. So, this study aims to translate and adapt the LUNS into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties in survivors living at home after a stroke.

Our hypothesis in this study is:

• The Turkish Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke Questionnaire (T-LUNS) is a valid tool for assessing the unmet needs of stroke patients in the Turkish population.

Detailed Description

Stroke is one of the top causes of mortality worldwide, and has decreased in many countries, but an increasing number of stroke survivors are living with a disability after being discharged from the hospital. Approximately 25-30% of stroke patients will remain disabled and they will be largely dependent upon their family members and caregivers for their daily living activities. According to patients' perceptions of whether they have received any or enough assistance with a particular challenge, or of whether an issue has not been addressed at all or properly, unmet needs observed by stroke survivors may be practically evaluated. Also, it is critical to identify unmet requirements of stroke survivors in order to inform the delivery of health and social care services. The available data demonstrates that post-acute and chronic stroke survivors have a wide range of unmet requirements. Based on various contextual factors such as the availability of health and social care services, the number of years after stroke, the degree of disability, and demographic parameters, each stroke survivor has, on average, two to five unmet requirements. The Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS) monitoring tool, is a 22-item questionnaire developed by The Longer-Term Stroke Care (LoTS care) study team (ref1). This questionnaire concerns the need for information as well as the physical, social, and emotional consequences of stroke. According to a cross-sectional study among 850 British stroke survivors, the lower LUNS scores were consistently related to poorer (mental) health according to the Short Form 12 (SF-12) (ref1). Groeneveld et al. translated and cross-culturally adapted the LUNS into Dutch and assessed its psychometric properties in chronic stroke survivors (ref2). Also, LUNS have been translated into different languages such as Korean, Brazil, and Malawi (ref3-4).

According to the most up-to-date knowledge, there is no Turkish comprehensive and validated instrument to assess stroke survivors' unmet needs in the longer term. So, this study aims to translate and adapt the LUNS into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties in survivors living at home after a stroke.

Permission has already been received from Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

This study will include two stages.; The stage will include the translation and adaptaion procedure of the original English version of the LUNS instrument into Turkish (LUNS-T). The second and the final stage will include the reliability and the validity study of the LUNS-T and this step will be performed according to the guidelines of Beaton et al. for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures (ref5). Finally, we will assess the reliability and the validity of LUNS-T.

Stage 1. Translation and adaptation of LUNS into Turkish and establishment of Turkish LUNS (T-LUNS).

This stage will include translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pretesting of the pre-final version of T-LUNS according to the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures proposed by Beaton DE et.al, 2000 (ref5).

Stage 2. Reliability and validity study of the T-LUNS. To test the reliability and validity of the T-LUNS, 110 chronic stroke survivors fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria at the 3 study sites will be assessed. The assessment of each patient will include recording of the demographic and clinical characteristics and administration of the T-LUNS as well as the Turkish version of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). For the assessment of test-retest reliability of the T-LUNS, half of the participants (n= 55) will fill in the T-LUNS again, 2 weeks after the first administration.

Sample size: It is planned to include at least 110 participants in the study with a 5:1 ratio between the sample size and the number of items (ref6).

Statistical analysis:

Mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, frequency, and percentage will be used as descriptive statistics. Student's t-test for continuous variables, Mann Whitney U test for ordinal variables, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact chi-square test for categorical variables will be used for comparisons between two independent groups. Cohen's kappa coefficient will be used to analyze the degree of agreement of the test-retest agreement of the scale items.

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for categorical data using the weighted least square method will be used to investigate the dimensionality of the item of the questionnaire (T-LUNS). Model fit will be evaluated using the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) that accounts for model parsimony. RMSEA values <0.08 suggest adequate fit; values <0.05 indicate good fit (ref7). Items with factor loadings below 0.30 will be eliminated. A p-value less than 0.05 will be considered significant. External construct validity of the T-LUNS will be tested by the investigation of the association with the relevant domains of the Stroke Impact Scale.

Conditions

Stroke; Disability Physical; Quality of Life

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

Stroke patients

Participants with chronic stroke who have more than 1 year after stroke onset and who fulfill the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be included in this single-arm study.

The reliability and validity study of the T-LUNS

Intervention Type: OTHER

To test the reliability and validity of the T-LUNS, 110 chronic stroke survivors fulfilling the inclusion / exclusion criteria at the 3 study sites will be assessed. The assessment of each patient will include recording of the demographic and clinical characteristics and administration of the T-LUNS as well as the Turkish version of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). For the assessment of test-retest reliability of the T-LUNS, half of the participants (n= 55) will fill in the T-LUNS again, 2 weeks after the first administration.

Interventions

The reliability and validity study of the T-LUNS

To test the reliability and validity of the T-LUNS, 110 chronic stroke survivors fulfilling the inclusion / exclusion criteria at the 3 study sites will be assessed. The assessment of each patient will include recording of the demographic and clinical characteristics and administration of the T-LUNS as well as the Turkish version of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). For the assessment of test-retest reliability of the T-LUNS, half of the participants (n= 55) will fill in the T-LUNS again, 2 weeks after the first administration.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants who were diagnosed with stroke
• More than 1 years after the stroke onset
• Age 18 to 70 years
• Had a physical therapy and rehabilitation after stroke
• Cognitive functions are sufficient to fill in the questionnaires in the study
• Who give consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria

• Had delirium, confusion, or other severe consciousness problems
• Suffered from uncontrolled comorbid systemic medical conditions
• Unable to follow commands because of severe cognitive impairment
• Had a serious visual disturbance
• Individuals with musculoskeletal disabilities
• Currently participating in physical therapy or another interventional study

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 70 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Ankara University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Istanbul University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Uşak University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Ali Yavuz Karahan

Associate Professor (Clinical)

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

AYSUN GENC, Assoc. Prof

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

AYSE A KUCUKDEVECI, Prof

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

AYSE YALIMAN, Prof

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

ATILLA H ELHAN, Prof

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics

EKIN I SEN, Assoc. Prof

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Locations

University of Usak

Uşak, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

LoTS care LUNS study team. Validation of the longer-term unmet needs after stroke (LUNS) monitoring tool: a multicentre study. Clin Rehabil. 2013 Nov;27(11):1020-8. doi: 10.1177/0269215513487082. Epub 2013 Jun 20.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23787941 (View on PubMed)

Groeneveld IF, Arwert HJ, Goossens PH, Vliet Vlieland TPM. The Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke Questionnaire: Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity in a Dutch Population. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Jan;27(1):267-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.08.043. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28967592 (View on PubMed)

Wellappuli NT, Perera HSR, Kasthuriratne G, Chang T, Gunawardena NS. Adaptation and validation of the Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS) monitoring tool in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health. 2023 Sep 4;23(1):1718. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16636-1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37667260 (View on PubMed)

Baek S, Kim WS, Park YH, Jung YS, Chang WK, Kim G, Paik NJ. Korean Version of the Longer-Term Unmet Needs After Stroke Questionnaire. Ann Rehabil Med. 2023 Oct;47(5):367-376. doi: 10.5535/arm.23044. Epub 2023 Oct 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37907228 (View on PubMed)

Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3186-91. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11124735 (View on PubMed)

Gorusch RL. Factor Analysis. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1983.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Hart DL, Mioduski JE, Stratford PW. Simulated computerized adaptive tests for measuring functional status were efficient with good discriminant validity in patients with hip, knee, or foot/ankle impairments. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005 Jun;58(6):629-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.12.004.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15878477 (View on PubMed)

Hantal, A. O., Dogu, B., Buyukavci, R., & Kuran, B. (2014). Stroke impact scale version 3.0: study of reliability and validity in stroke patients in the turkish population/Inme etki olcegi 3, 0: turk toplumundaki inmeli hastalarda guvenilirlik ve gecerlilik calismasi. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 60(2), 106-117.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Related Links

https://ageingstrokeresearch.org/international-spread-of-the-longer-term-unmet-needs-after-stroke-luns-questionnaire/

International spread of the Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS) questionnaire

Other Identifiers

ayk22

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id