A Study to Find the Highest Dose of Imetelstat in Combination With Fludarabine and Cytarabine for Patients With AML, MDS or JMML That Has Come Back or Does Not Respond to Therapy
NCT ID: NCT06247787
Last Updated: 2025-10-24
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
PHASE1
36 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-02-04
2026-06-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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I. To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of imetelstat administered in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine to children with second or greater relapse of acute myeloid leukemia or first or greater relapse of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To define and describe the toxicities of imetelstat administered on this schedule in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine in patients with refractory and/or relapsed AML, MDS, or JMML.
II. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of imetelstat in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine in patients with refractory and/or relapsed AML, MDS, or JMML.
III. To describe the antileukemic activity of imetelstat (CR \[complete remission\]/PR \[partial response\]/CRi \[complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery\] and rates of minimal residual disease \[MRD\] negative response after up to two cycles of therapy) in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine within the limits of a phase 1 study.
IV. To estimate the overall survival (OS) of children with second or greater relapse of AML or first or greater relapse of MDS or JMML treated with imetelstat administered in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES; I. To conduct pharmacodynamics studies of imetelstat in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine in patients with refractory and/or relapsed AML, MDS, or JMML.
II. To analyze telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. III. To evaluate baseline and change of cytogenetic abnormalities after treatment with imetelstat in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine.
IV. To evaluate baseline mutational status and change of mutational status after treatment with imetelstat in combination with fludarabine and cytarabine.
OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of imetelstat.
Patients receive imetelstat intravenously (IV) over 2 hours on days 1 and 8, fludarabine IV over 1 hour on days 2-6, and cytarabine IV over 1-3 hours on days 2-6 of each cycle. Patients also receive cytarabine intrathecally (IT) alone or with methotrexate IT, and hydrocortisone IT at the provider's discretion. Patients may also receive leucovorin calcium IV or orally (PO) 24 and 30 hours after each IT triples dose. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo echocardiography (ECHO), bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration, blood sample collection, and lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample collection during screening and on the trial.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 5 years.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NA
SEQUENTIAL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Treatment (Imetelstat, fludarabine, cytarabine)
Patients receive imetelstat IV over 2 hours on days 1 and 8, fludarabine IV over 1 hour on days 2-6, and cytarabine IV over 1-3 hours on days 2-6 of each cycle. Patients also receive cytarabine IT alone or with methotrexate IT, and hydrocortisone IT at the provider's discretion. Patients may also receive leucovorin calcium IV or PO 24 and 30 hours after each IT triples dose. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo ECHO, bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration, blood sample collection, and lumbar puncture for CSF sample collection during screening and on the trial.
Biospecimen Collection
Undergo blood and CSF sample collection
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
Cytarabine
Given IV and IT
Echocardiography Test
Undergo ECHO
Fludarabine
Given IV
Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate
Given IT
Imetelstat
Given IV
Leucovorin Calcium
Given IV or PO
Lumbar Puncture
Undergo lumbar puncture
Methotrexate
Given IT
Interventions
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Biospecimen Collection
Undergo blood and CSF sample collection
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Undergo bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
Cytarabine
Given IV and IT
Echocardiography Test
Undergo ECHO
Fludarabine
Given IV
Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate
Given IT
Imetelstat
Given IV
Leucovorin Calcium
Given IV or PO
Lumbar Puncture
Undergo lumbar puncture
Methotrexate
Given IT
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Patients, with or without down syndrome (DS), and with acute myeloid leukemia, therapy-related AML, MDS or JMML and meet one of the following:
* Second or greater relapse or refractory AML, including isolated extramedullary disease (EMD), but excluding isolated central nervous system (CNS) or isolated testicular relapse
* First or greater relapse of MDS
* First or greater relapse of JMML
* For flow cytometry, it's strongly recommended to enroll onto APAL2020SC or to send samples to Hematologics, Inc. Otherwise, assessments must be performed at a College of American Pathologists (CAP)/Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified lab that has expertise in AML.
* For fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/Karyotype, samples must be sent to a Children's Oncology Group (COG)-approved Cytogenetics Lab
* Bone marrow relapse AML: (patients must meet one of the following criteria to be defined as having relapsed disease)
* A single bone marrow sample showing ≥ 5% leukemic blasts by flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing, or other molecular method
* A single bone marrow with at least two tests showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts; examples of tests include:
* Flow cytometry showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF)
* Karyotypic abnormality with at least one metaphase similar or identical to diagnosis
* FISH abnormality identical to one present at diagnosis
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next generation sequencing (NGS)-based demonstration of leukemogenic lesion identical to diagnosis and ≥ 1%
* In cases where a bone marrow aspirate cannot be obtained because of extensive fibrosis, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy. A complete blood count documenting the presence of at least 1,000/uL (i.e., a white blood cell \[WBC\] count ≥ 10,000/uL with ≥ 10% blasts or a WBC count of ≥ 5,000/uL with ≥ 20% blasts) circulating leukemic cells (blasts) can also be used if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed
* Extramedullary relapse: Biopsy proven extramedullary disease after documented complete remission
* Refractory disease AML: Following a re-induction cycle after a second relapse, or refractory to two reinduction attempts after either primary induction failure or first relapse with:
* A single bone marrow sample showing ≥ 5% leukemic blasts by flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing, or other molecular method
* A single bone marrow with at least two tests showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts: examples of tests include:
* Flow cytometry showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF)
* Karyotypic abnormality with at least one metaphase similar or identical to diagnosis.
* FISH abnormality identical to one present at diagnosis
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next generation sequencing (NGS)-based demonstration of leukemogenic lesion identical to diagnosis and ≥ 1%
* In cases where a bone marrow aspirate cannot be obtained because of extensive fibrosis, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy. A complete blood count documenting the presence of at least 1,000/uL (i.e., a WBC count ≥ 10,000/uL with ≥ 10% blasts or a WBC count of ≥ 5,000/uL with ≥ 20% blasts) circulating leukemic cells (blasts) can also be used if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed
* Extramedullary refractory disease:
* Biopsy proven persistent extramedullary disease
* In cases where a bone marrow aspirate cannot be obtained because of extensive fibrosis, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy. A complete blood count documenting the presence of at least 1,000/ µL (i.e., a WBC count ≥ 10,000/μL with ≥ 10% blasts or a WBC count of ≥ 5,000/μL with ≥ 20% blasts) circulating leukemic cells (blasts) can also be used if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed
* Central nervous system disease: Patients with relapsed or refractory disease with central nervous system (CNS) 1 and CNS 2 status are eligible
* MDS: Bone marrow relapse: (patients must meet one of the following criteria to be defined as having relapsed disease)
* A single bone marrow sample showing ≥ 5% leukemic blasts by flow cytometry, FISH, or other molecular method
* A single bone marrow with at least two tests showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts; examples of tests include:
* Flow cytometry showing ≥ 1% leukemic blasts by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF)
* Karyotypic abnormality with at least one metaphase similar or identical to diagnosis
* FISH abnormality identical to one present at diagnosis
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next generation sequencing (NGS)-based demonstration of MDS associated lesion identical to diagnosis and ≥ 1%
* In cases where a bone marrow aspirate cannot be obtained because of extensive fibrosis, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy
* JMML: Diagnosis: Patients must have had histologic verification of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) at original diagnosis and currently have relapsed or refractory disease. The diagnosis is made based on the following criteria
* JMML category 1 (all of the following):
* Splenomegaly
* \> 1000 (1 x 10\^9 /uL) circulating monocytes
* \< 20% Blasts in the bone marrow or peripheral blood
* Absence of the t(9;22) or BCR/ABL fusion gene
* The diagnostic criteria must include all features in category 1 and either (i) one of the features in category 2 or (ii) two features from category 3 to make the diagnosis
* JMML category 2 (at least one of the following if at least two category 3 criteria are not present):
* Somatic mutation in RAS or PTPN11
* Clinical diagnosis of NF1 or NF1 gene mutation
* Homozygous mutation in CBL
* Monosomy 7
* JMML category 3 (at least two of the following if no category 2 criteria are met):
* Circulating myeloid precursors
* White blood cell count, \> 10,000 (10 x 10\^9 / uL)
* Increased hemoglobin F for age
* Clonal cytogenetic abnormality
* Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypersensitivity
* Patients with relapsed JMML must have had at least one cycle of intensive frontline therapy or at least 2 cycles of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hypomethylating agent with persistence of disease, defined by clinical symptoms or the presence of a clonal abnormality. Frontline therapy is defined as one cycle of intravenous chemotherapy that includes of any of the following agents: fludarabine, cytarabine, or any anthracycline but specifically excludes oral 6-mercaptopurine. Frontline therapy will also include any conditioning regimen as part of a stem cell transplant. Patients who transform to AML at any point with more than 20% blasts are eligible for this trial per the AML specific criteria
* Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky (≥ 50) for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients ≤ 16 years of age (≥ 50)
* Patients must have fully recovered (grade \< 2) from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required time frame, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
* NOTE: IT therapy does not require a washout period
* Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: See DVL homepage on the COG Members site for commercial and investigational agent classifications (https://cogmembers.org/uploadedFiles/Site/Disc/DVL/Documents/TableOfMyelosuppressiveAnti-CancerAgents.pdf). For agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment
* ≥ 14 days must have elapsed after the completion of other cytotoxic therapy, with the exception of hydroxyurea, for patients not receiving standard maintenance therapy. Additionally, patients must have fully recovered from all acute toxic effects of prior therapy
* Note: Cytoreduction with hydroxyurea must be discontinued ≥ 24 hours prior to the start of protocol therapy
* Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil \[ANC\] counts):
* ≥ 7 days after the last dose of agent. See the DVL homepage on the COG Members site for commercial and investigational agent classifications. For agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment
* Antibodies: ≥ 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade ≤ 1
* Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥ 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
* Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): ≥ 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon, or cytokines (other than hematopoetic growth factors)
* Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation \[TBI\]):
* Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: ≥ 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
* Patients must be off calcineurin inhibitors for at least 28 days prior to the date of enrollment. Patients may be on physiological doses of steroids (equivalent to ≤ 10 mg prednisone daily for patients ≥ 18 years or ≤ 10mg/m\^2/day \[up to a maximum of 10 mg/day\] for patients \< 18 years)
* Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: ≥ 30 days
* Cellular Therapy: ≥ 30 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (eg, modified T cells, natural killer \[NK\] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
* External Beam Radiation (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: ≥ 14 days after local XRT; ≥ 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ≥ 50% of the pelvis; ≥ 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
* Radiopharmaceutical therapy (eg, radiolabeled antibody, 131I MIBG): ≥ 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
* Patients must not have received prior exposure to imetelstat
* For patients with leukemia:
* Platelet count ≥ 25,000/uL (may receive platelet transfusions). These patients must not be known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusion
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL at baseline (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions)
* Adequate renal function defined as:
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (eGFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR
* a 24 hour urine creatinine clearance ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR
* a GFR ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)
* Adequate liver function defined as:
* Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) ≤ 3 x ULN, unless attributed to leukemia involvement
* AST ≤ 3 x ULN, unless attributed to leukemia involvement
* Albumin ≥ 2 g/dL
* Shortening fraction of ≥ 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of ≥ 50% by gated radionuclide study
Exclusion Criteria
* Corticosteroids: Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible. Patients may be on physiological doses of steroids (equivalent to ≤ 10 mg prednisone daily for patients ≥ 18 years or ≤ 10mg/m\^2/day \[up to a maximum of 10 mg/day\] for patients \< 18 years). If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, ≥ 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
* Investigational drugs: Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
* Anti-cancer Agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible except patients receiving hydroxyurea, which may be continued until 24 hours prior to start of protocol therapy
* Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
* Specific to MDS patients: Low-grade MDS/refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) - MDS with less than 2% blasts in peripheral blood (PB) or less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow (BM) by morphology
* Uncontrolled seizure disorder that is not stabilized with anti-convulsants
* Patient has undergone surgery that requires general anesthesia within 3 weeks before enrollment (line placement/removal/revision or tissue collection is allowed)
* Known hypersensitivity to the study drug or excipients of the preparation
* Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with PML-RARA genetic abnormality according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification or t(15;17) are not eligible
* Patients known to have a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome where increased risk of toxicity may be expected as judged by the Investigator, for example dyskeratosis congenita, are not eligible
* Patients with isolated or refractory CNS or isolated or refractory testicular relapse are not eligible
* Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
* Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
* Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
1 Year
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Geron Corporation
INDUSTRY
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NIH
Children's Oncology Group
NETWORK
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Alexandra M Stevens
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Pediatric Early Phase Clinical Trial Network
Locations
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Children's Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Children's Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California, United States
UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Children's National Medical Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Arthur M Blank Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
C S Mott Children's Hospital
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
University of Minnesota/Masonic Cancer Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, United States
NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
New York, New York, United States
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, United States
Seattle Children's Hospital
Seattle, Washington, United States
Countries
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Facility Contacts
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Site Public Contact
Role: primary
Site Public Contact
Role: primary
Site Public Contact
Role: primary
Site Public Contact
Role: primary
Site Public Contact
Role: primary
Other Identifiers
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NCI-2023-11026
Identifier Type: REGISTRY
Identifier Source: secondary_id
PEPN2312
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
PEPN2312
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
PEPN2312
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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