Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Children With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

NCT ID: NCT00002798

Last Updated: 2013-01-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

880 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1996-08-31

Brief Summary

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Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of different chemotherapy regimens with or without bone marrow transplantation in treating children who have acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known which treatment regimen is more effective for acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome

Detailed Description

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OBJECTIVES:

Increase the remission induction rate to greater than 85% in children with untreated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by replacing daunorubicin (DNR) with idarubicin (IDA) in intensively timed DCTER chemotherapy (dexamethasone, cytarabine (ARA-C), thioguanine, etoposide, and daunorubicin) in the first 4 days of each course.

Increase the remission rate further by comparing the efficacy of consolidation chemotherapy with intensively timed IDA DCTER/DCTER vs fludarabine (FAMP), ARA-C, and IDA in maintaining remission and in achieving remission in patients with M2 disease (5%-29% blasts in marrow) at the end of induction chemotherapy.

Compare overall survival, event-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients who receive consolidation with IDA DCTER/DCTER vs FAMP, ARA-C, and IDA.

Compare overall survival, event-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients receiving intensification with the Capizzi II regimen (high-dose ARA-C and asparaginase) vs those receiving a matched-related allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Compare overall survival, event-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) vs standard follow up care after Capizzi II intensification.

Determine whether multichannel flow cytometry detection of residual AML on a companion biologic study protocol CCG-B942 predicts outcome, and determine whether any of these treatment regimens eliminates minimal residual disease more effectively than another.

Register all patients with MDS treated or followed at CCG institutions and capture their biologic, historical and outcome data.

Determine, on a companion biologic study protocol CCG-B972, whether levels of IL-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) before, during, and after therapy correlates with outcome.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to center, diagnosis (acute myelogenous leukemia vs other), and response to induction (partial vs complete remission). After induction, patients with M1/M2 marrow are randomized to arm I or II. Patients in complete remission after consolidation who have an HLA-identical or 1-antigen mismatched sibling or parent donor are randomly assigned to the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (AlBMT) regimen; all others in complete remission are nonrandomly assigned to the Capizzi II regimen, then are randomly assigned to arms III or IV. Patients with refractory anemia (RA) or RA with ringed sideroblasts with indolent disease may be registered and followed. Other patients with myelodysplastic syndromes may receive 2961 chemotherapy or go directly to AlBMT. Patients with chloromas (granulocytic sarcomas) receive optional radiotherapy on arm V.

Induction: Patients receive idarubicin IV over 30 minutes on days 0-3, cytarabine and etoposide IV continuously on days 0-3, and oral thioguanine twice a day and oral dexamethasone 3 times a day on days 0-3. Patients then begin course 2, which consists of cytarabine, etoposide, thioguanine, and dexamethasone on days 10-13, daunorubicin IV continuously on days 10-13, and filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously (SC) beginning on day 16 and continuing until blood counts recover. Patients also receive CNS prophylaxis/therapy consisting of cytarabine intrathecally (IT) on days 0 and 14 (if no CNS disease at entry) or on days 0, 5, and 7 (if CNS disease present at entry). Disease is reassessed on day 28-42. Patients with M1 or M2 marrow proceed to consolidation while those with M3 marrow or progressive disease go off study.

Consolidation:

Arm I: Patients receive treatment as in induction therapy, plus G-CSF SC beginning on day 16 and continuing until blood counts recover. If CSF is clear by day 10 of induction, patients receive cytarabine IT on days 0, 10, and 35. If CSF is not clear, patients receive triple intrathecal therapy (TIT; cytarabine, hydrocortisone, methotrexate) on days 0 and 10.

Arm II: Patients receive fludarabine IV over 24 hours on days 0 and 1, cytarabine IV over 72 hours on days 2-4, and idarubicin IV over 15 minutes on days 0-2. G-CSF begins on day 6 and continues until blood counts recover. Patients also receive TIT on days -1 and 7, if CSF is not clear on day 10 of induction. Patients on both arms are reassessed on day 35. Those patients with M1 marrow proceed to intensification; all others are removed from the study.

Intensification:

Capizzi II regimen: Course 1: Patients receive cytarabine IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 0, 1, 7, and 8 and asparaginase IM on days 1 and 8. Course 2: Patients also receive cytarabine IT or TIT on days 0, 7, and 14.AlBMT regimen: Therapy begins within 2-8 weeks of hematologic recovery. Patients may receive interim therapy consisting of oral thioguanine for about 2 weeks. Patients then receive oral busulfan every 6 hours on days -9 to -6 and cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days -5 to -2. AlBMT is infused over 4 hours beginning 36-48 hours after the last dose of cyclophosphamide. Patients in complete remission after completing the Capizzi II regimen proceed to maintenance therapy on arm III.

Arm III: Patients receive interleukin-2 IV continuously on days 1-4 and 9-18.

Arm IV: No further treatment.

Arm V: Patients undergo radiotherapy to the chloroma 5 days a week for 2 weeks.

Patients are followed monthly for 18 months, every 3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months until 5 years from diagnosis.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 880 patients with de novo acute myelogenous leukemia will be accrued for this study within 4 years. It is expected that 178 patients per year will be randomly assigned for consolidation, that 39 patients per year will undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation while 120 patients per year will receive chemotherapy as intensification, and that 102 patients per year will be randomly assigned for polychemotherapy immunomodulation. An additional 80 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes will be accrued for this study.

Conditions

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Childhood Acute Erythroleukemia (M6) Childhood Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (M7) Childhood Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) Childhood Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes Refractory Anemia Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts in Transformation Refractory Anemia With Ringed Sideroblasts Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes Untreated Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Myeloid Malignancies

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm I (combination chemotherapy)

Patients receive treatment as in induction therapy, plus G-CSF SC beginning on day 16 and continuing until blood counts recover. If CSF is clear by day 10 of induction, patients receive cytarabine IT on days 0, 10, and 35. If CSF is not clear, patients receive triple intrathecal therapy (TIT; cytarabine, hydrocortisone, methotrexate) on days 0 and 10.

See Detailed Description

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

therapeutic hydrocortisone

Intervention Type DRUG

allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

filgrastim

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Given SC

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

idarubicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

dexamethasone

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

methotrexate

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IT

Arm II (combination chemotherapy)

Patients receive fludarabine IV over 24 hours on days 0 and 1, cytarabine IV over 72 hours on days 2-4, and idarubicin IV over 15 minutes on days 0-2. G-CSF begins on day 6 and continues until blood counts recover. Patients also receive TIT on days -1 and 7, if CSF is not clear on day 10 of induction. Patients on both arms are reassessed on day 35. Those patients with M1 marrow proceed to intensification; all others are removed from the study.

Intensification: See Detailed Description

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

asparaginase

Intervention Type DRUG

fludarabine phosphate

Intervention Type DRUG

therapeutic hydrocortisone

Intervention Type DRUG

allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

filgrastim

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Given SC

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

idarubicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

methotrexate

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IT

cyclophosphamide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

busulfan

Intervention Type DRUG

Arm III (combination chemotherapy, aldesleukin)

Patients receive interleukin-2 IV continuously on days 1-4 and 9-18.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

filgrastim

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Given SC

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

idarubicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

dexamethasone

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

aldesleukin

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Arm IV (combination chemotherapy)

No further treatment

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

filgrastim

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Given SC

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

idarubicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

dexamethasone

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

Arm V (combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy)

Patients undergo radiotherapy to the chloroma 5 days a week for 2 weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

filgrastim

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Given SC

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

idarubicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

dexamethasone

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

Interventions

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asparaginase

Intervention Type DRUG

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

fludarabine phosphate

Intervention Type DRUG

therapeutic hydrocortisone

Intervention Type DRUG

allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

filgrastim

Given SC

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

cytarabine

Given IV or IT

Intervention Type DRUG

idarubicin

Given IV

Intervention Type DRUG

dexamethasone

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

thioguanine

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

etoposide

Given IV

Intervention Type DRUG

methotrexate

Given IT

Intervention Type DRUG

cyclophosphamide

Given IV

Intervention Type DRUG

aldesleukin

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

busulfan

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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ASNase Colaspase Crasnitin Elspar L-ASP Cerubidin Cerubidine daunomycin hydrochloride daunorubicin RP-13057 2-F-ara-AMP Beneflur Fludara Aeroseb-HC Barseb HC Cetacort Cort-Dome Cortef bone marrow therapy, allogeneic bone marrow therapy, allogenic transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allogenic bone marrow 3D conformal radiation therapy 3D-CRT G-CSF Neupogen ARA-C arabinofuranosylcytosine arabinosylcytosine Cytosar-U cytosine arabinoside 4-demethoxydaunorubicin 4-DMDR DMDR IDA Aeroseb-Dex Decaderm Decadron DM DXM 6-TG EPEG VP-16 VP-16-213 amethopterin Folex methylaminopterin Mexate MTX CPM CTX Cytoxan Endoxan Endoxana IL-2 Proleukin recombinant human interleukin-2 recombinant interleukin-2 BSF BU Misulfan Mitosan Myeloleukon

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Histologically confirmed previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients 1 month to 21 years of age

* Infants under 1 month with progressive disease eligible

* Supportive care may be given to confirm that the leukemia is not regressing prior to entry
* No acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB M3)
* No acute undifferentiated leukemia (FAB M0)
* Histochemical verification of AML required by the following stains:

* Wright or Giemsa
* Peroxidase
* PAS
* Chloroacetate esterase
* Sudan black
* Nonspecific esterase (NSE) with and without fluoride (NaF) inhibition
* Combined NSE/NaF and butyrate inhibition or diagnosis of megakaryoblasticleukemia (FAB M7) should be supported by one of the following:

* CD41 reactivity
* Glycoprotein 1b reactivity
* Factor VIII-related antigen reactivity
* Platelet peroxidase on electron microscopy
* The following are also eligible:

* Myelodysplastic syndromes, including:

* Refractory anemia (RA) \*
* RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) \*
* RA with excess blasts (RAEB)
* RAEB in transformation (RAEBt)
* Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
* AML with monosomy 7
* Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) with or without marrow involvement
* Mixed lineage leukemia with 2 morphologically defined populations provided the predominant population is myeloid
* No Downs syndrome
* No juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia
* No Fanconi's anemia
* No secondary AML
* Performance status - Not specified
* No prior anticancer chemotherapy
* Prior topical or inhaled steroids for nonmalignant conditions allowed
* No prior anticancer radiotherapy
* No prior antileukemic therapy
Maximum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Beverly Lange

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Children's Oncology Group

Locations

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Children's Oncology Group

Arcadia, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Tarlock K, Gerbing RB, Ries RE, Smith JL, Leonti A, Huang BJ, Kirkey D, Robinson L, Peplinski JH, Lange B, Cooper TM, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Aplenc R, Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S. Prognostic impact of cooccurring mutations in FLT3-ITD pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2024 May 14;8(9):2094-2103. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011980.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38295280 (View on PubMed)

Bertrums EJM, Smith JL, Harmon L, Ries RE, Wang YJ, Alonzo TA, Menssen AJ, Chisholm KM, Leonti AR, Tarlock K, Ostronoff F, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Kaspers GJL, Hasle H, Dworzak M, Walter C, Muhlegger N, Morerio C, Pardo L, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Cooper TM, Aplenc R, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Farrar JE, Stirewalt D, Ma X, Shaw TI, Furlan SN, Brodersen LE, Loken MR, Van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Triche TJ, Goemans BF, Meshinchi S. Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of NUP98 fusions in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2023 Aug 1;108(8):2044-2058. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281653.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36815378 (View on PubMed)

Ho PA, Zeng R, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Miller KL, Pollard JA, Stirewalt DL, Heerema NA, Raimondi SC, Hirsch B, Franklin JL, Lange B, Meshinchi S. Prevalence and prognostic implications of WT1 mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2010 Aug 5;116(5):702-10. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-02-268953. Epub 2010 Apr 22.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 20413658 (View on PubMed)

Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Ho PA, Zeng R, Ravindranath Y, Dahl G, Lacayo NJ, Becton D, Chang M, Weinstein HJ, Hirsch B, Raimondi SC, Heerema NA, Woods WG, Lange BJ, Hurwitz C, Arceci RJ, Radich JP, Bernstein ID, Heinrich MC, Meshinchi S. Prevalence and prognostic significance of KIT mutations in pediatric patients with core binding factor AML enrolled on serial pediatric cooperative trials for de novo AML. Blood. 2010 Mar 25;115(12):2372-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-241075. Epub 2010 Jan 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 20056794 (View on PubMed)

Ho PA, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Pollard J, Stirewalt DL, Hurwitz C, Heerema NA, Hirsch B, Raimondi SC, Lange B, Franklin JL, Radich JP, Meshinchi S. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2009 Jun 25;113(26):6558-66. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-184747. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 19304957 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2961

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

U10CA098543

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

CDR0000064883

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NCI-2012-01834

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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