Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Down Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes

NCT ID: NCT00369317

Last Updated: 2022-01-28

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

205 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2007-03-31

Study Completion Date

2021-12-31

Brief Summary

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This phase III trial is studying how well combination chemotherapy works in treating young patients with Down syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more cancer cells.

Detailed Description

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PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival rates in pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) and acute myeloid leukemia AML or myelodysplastic syndromes MDS treated with induction therapy comprising cytarabine, daunorubicin hydrochloride, thioguanine, and asparaginase followed by intensification therapy comprising cytarabine and etoposide.

II. Determine if the EFS rate in these patients can be increased with an intensified course of cytarabine therapy during induction therapy, compared to the EFS rate of patients in protocol COG-A2971.

III. Determine if the number of intrathecal chemotherapy treatments can be reduced in these patients.

IV. Determine if the total cumulative anthracycline dose can be reduced in these patients.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine the type and degree of treatment-related toxicity in these patients.

II. Determine the prevalence of leukemia phenotype and globin transcription factor 1 (GATA1) mutations of DS patients \< 4 years of age at diagnosis.

III. Determine the relationship of GATA1 mutations with leukemia phenotype and EFS rates of DS patients \< 4 years of age at diagnosis.

IV. Determine the relationship of minimal residual disease monitored by flow cytometry and remission status during and after completion of therapy based on bone marrow morphology.

V. Examine parameters of in vitro drug sensitivity and in vivo Ara-C pharmacokinetics.

VI. Examine gene expression profiles by microarrays and the relationship to leukemia phenotype and outcome.

VII. Examine the relationship of functional polymorphisms in phase I and phase II detoxification genes and DNA repair pathways that may modify susceptibility to leukemia and outcome of therapy in DS children.

VIII. Assess the effect of karyotypic abnormalities on survival. IX. Establish a DS leukemia cell bank for future biological studies.

OUTLINE: This is a nonrandomized, multicenter study.

INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients undergo 4 courses of induction therapy. Each course is 28 days.

COURSE I: Patients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine on day 1\* and cytarabine IV continuously over 96 hours, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV continuously over 96 hours, and oral thioguanine twice daily on days 1-4.

NOTE: \*Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease receive cytarabine IT twice weekly for up to 6 doses; patients with persistent CNS leukemia after 6 doses of IT cytarabine are removed from the study.

COURSE II: Patients receive high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours twice daily on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and asparaginase intramuscularly (IM) on days 2 and 9.

COURSE III: Patients receive treatment as in course 1.

COURSE IV: Patients receive cytarabine IV, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV, and oral thioguanine as in course 1.

Induction therapy continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with partial response, relapsed, or refractory disease after completion of course 4 are taken off study. Patients achieving complete response proceed to intensification therapy.

INTENSIFICATION THERAPY: Patients receive cytarabine IV continuously over 168 hours on days 1-7 and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 5 years and then annually thereafter.

Conditions

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Childhood Acute Basophilic Leukemia Childhood Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia Childhood Acute Erythroleukemia (M6) Childhood Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (M7) Childhood Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0) Childhood Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) Childhood Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) Childhood Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes Untreated Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Myeloid Malignancies

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Treatment (combination chemotherapy)

INDUCTION THERAPY COURSE I: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1 and cytarabine IV continuously over 96 hours, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV continuously, and oral thioguanine BID on days 1-4. COURSE II: Patients receive high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours BID on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and asparaginase (IM) on days 2 and 9.

COURSE III: Patients receive treatment as in course I. COURSE IV: Patients receive cytarabine IV, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV, and oral thioguanine as in course I

INTENSIFICATION THERAPY: Patients receive cytarabine IV continuously over 168 hours on days 1-7 and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 1-3. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

asparaginase

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IM

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV or IT

thioguanine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given orally

etoposide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given IV

laboratory biomarker analysis

Intervention Type OTHER

Correlative studies

Interventions

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asparaginase

Given IM

Intervention Type DRUG

daunorubicin hydrochloride

Given IV

Intervention Type DRUG

cytarabine

Given IV or IT

Intervention Type DRUG

thioguanine

Given orally

Intervention Type DRUG

etoposide

Given IV

Intervention Type DRUG

laboratory biomarker analysis

Correlative studies

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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ASNase Colaspase Crasnitin Elspar L-ASP Cerubidin Cerubidine daunomycin hydrochloride daunorubicin RP-13057 ARA-C arabinofuranosylcytosine arabinosylcytosine Cytosar-U cytosine arabinoside 6-TG EPEG VP-16 VP-16-213

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis DS or DS mosaicism by karyotype or chromosomal analysis
* Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with \< 30% blasts or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

* Newly diagnosed disease
* Patients with a history of transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) are eligible provided the patient is diagnosed with AML or MDS at \> 90 days of age AND meets either of the following criteria:

* At least 30% blasts in the bone marrow regardless of time since resolution of TMD
* More than 8 weeks since resolution of TMD with ≥ 5% blasts in the bone marrow
* Immunophenotype required for study entry
* No promyelocytic leukemia
* Shortening fraction ≥ 27% by echocardiogram OR ejection fraction ≥ 50% by radionuclide angiogram
* Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
* AST or ALT \< 2.5 times ULN
* Creatinine adjusted according to age as follows:

* No greater than 0.4 mg/dL (≤ 5 months)
* No greater than 0.5 mg/dL (6 months -11 months)
* No greater than 0.6 mg/dL (1 year-23 months)
* No greater than 0.8 mg/dL (2 years-5 years)
* No greater than 1.0 mg/dL (6 years-9 years)
* No greater than 1.2 mg/dL (10 years-12 years)
* No greater than 1.4 mg/dL (13 years and over \[female\])
* No greater than 1.5 mg/dL (13 years to 15 years \[male\])
* No greater than 1.7 mg/dL (16 years and over \[male\])
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate at least 70 mL/min
* No evidence of dyspnea at rest
* No exercise intolerance
* Pulse oximetry \> 94%
* No prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or any antileukemic therapy

* Intrathecal cytarabine therapy given at diagnosis allowed
* Prior therapy for TMD allowed
Maximum Eligible Age

4 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Children's Oncology Group

NETWORK

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Jeffrey Taub, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Children's Oncology Group

Locations

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Phoenix Childrens Hospital

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status

Southern California Permanente Medical Group

Downey, California, United States

Site Status

Miller Children's Hospital

Long Beach, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Central California

Madera, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland

Oakland, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Oakland

Oakland, California, United States

Site Status

Childrens Hospital of Orange County

Orange, California, United States

Site Status

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

University of California San Francisco Medical Center-Parnassus

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Site Status

Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Broward Health Medical Center

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States

Site Status

Memorial Healthcare System - Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital

Hollywood, Florida, United States

Site Status

Nemours Children's Clinic - Jacksonville

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Florida Hospital

Orlando, Florida, United States

Site Status

All Children's Hospital

St. Petersburg, Florida, United States

Site Status

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

University of Hawaii

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute

Boise, Idaho, United States

Site Status

Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Advocate Lutheran General Hospital.

Park Ridge, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Saint Jude Midwest Affiliate

Peoria, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Southern Illinois University

Springfield, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana University Medical Center

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Riley Hospital for Children

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Saint Vincent Hospital and Health Services

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Kosair Children's Hospital

Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Site Status

Tulane University Health Sciences Center

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Eastern Maine Medical Center

Bangor, Maine, United States

Site Status

Sinai Hospital of Baltimore

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins University-Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Site Status

C S Mott Children's Hospital

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Wayne State University-Karmanos Cancer Institute

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Saint John Hospital and Medical Center

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Hurley Medical Center

Flint, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Helen DeVos Children's Hospital at Spectrum Health

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Site Status

The Childrens Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital and Medical Center of Omaha

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

Nevada Cancer Research Foundation CCOP

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Site Status

Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Saint Peter's University Hospital

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

Columbia University Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

University of Rochester

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Syracuse, New York, United States

Site Status

Ny Cancer%

Valhalla, New York, United States

Site Status

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Carolinas Medical Center

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Sanford Medical Center-Fargo

Fargo, North Dakota, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron

Akron, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status

Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Saint Christopher's Hospital for Children

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status

Palmetto Health Richland

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Cook Children's Medical Center

Fort Worth, Texas, United States

Site Status

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Covenant Children's Hospital

Lubbock, Texas, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status

Primary Children's Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont, United States

Site Status

Childrens Hospital-King's Daughters

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Seattle Children's Hospital

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center

Tacoma, Washington, United States

Site Status

Midwest Children's Cancer Center

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Princess Margaret Hospital for Children

Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Site Status

British Columbia Children's Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status

CancerCare Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status

Janeway Child Health Centre

St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Site Status

Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Children's Hospital

London, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

San Jorge Children's Hospital

Santurce, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

Countries

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United States Australia Canada Puerto Rico

References

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Taub JW, Berman JN, Hitzler JK, Sorrell AD, Lacayo NJ, Mast K, Head D, Raimondi S, Hirsch B, Ge Y, Gerbing RB, Wang YC, Alonzo TA, Campana D, Coustan-Smith E, Mathew P, Gamis AS. Improved outcomes for myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome: a report from the Children's Oncology Group AAML0431 trial. Blood. 2017 Jun 22;129(25):3304-3313. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-764324. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28389462 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://nctn-data-archive.nci.nih.gov/

Data Available: Select individual patient-level data from this trial can be requested from the NCTN/NCORP Data Archive

Other Identifiers

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NCI-2009-00318

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

CDR0000492776

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

COG-AAML0431

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

AAML0431

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

U10CA098543

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

AAML0431

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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