Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises on Premenstrual Syndrome

NCT ID: NCT06208670

Last Updated: 2024-01-19

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 100 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-01-15
• Study Completion Date: 2024-08-15

Brief Summary

Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises given to women experiencing premenstrual syndrome on premenstrual syndrome symptoms and tendency to violence.

Materials and Methods: The research was planned as an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group, with female patients coming for examination at Siirt Training and Research Hospital Gynecology Polyclinics between December 2023 and August 2024. "Personal Information Form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and Violence Tendency Scale" were used to collect data in the study. Percentage distributions and t-test in independent groups were used to evaluate the data.

Detailed Description

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is defined as a set of physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that occur about five days before menstruation and disappear within a few days following its onset (Ryu & Kim, 2015). In a systematic study evaluating data from 17 countries, the prevalence of PMS was 47.8% (Direkvand-Moghadam et al., 2014). In a systematic study conducted to investigate the prevalence of PMS in women of reproductive age in Turkey, the overall prevalence was determined as 52.2%. It was reported that PMS was seen in 59% of high school students, 50.3% of university students, and 66% of the general female population (Erbil & Yücesoy, 2021). Although there are many different symptoms associated with PMS, common physical symptoms include abdominal bloating, weight gain, fatigue, breast tenderness, skin problems, dizziness, and headache or joint pain. Common psychological and behavioral symptoms include mood swings, anger, anxiety, aggression, sad or depressed mood, appetite changes, difficulty concentrating, and decreased interest in activities (Women's Health Concern 2012, Gunderson and Yates 2013; Yonkers & Casper, 2022c). Symptoms related to PMS are reported to cause difficulty in attending school or work, a decline in academic achievement, economic losses, deterioration in interpersonal relationships, social isolation, risk of suicide attempt, substance abuse, and increased tendency to commit crimes or accidents (Borenstein et al., 2003; Yonkers et al., 2008; Tadakawa et al. 2016; Buddhabunyakan et al. 2017, Owens and Eisenlohr-Moul 2018, Abay and Kaplan 2019, Schoep et al. 2019a, 2019b). In addition, the tendency to violence, domestic fights, and child abuse have been reported in women diagnosed with PMS (Halberich, 2007). At the cognitive level, all of the positive thoughts that a person who is ready for violence attributes to violence can be defined as violent tendencies (Karaboğa, 2018). It is known that incidents of violence are increasing in our country, especially among young people (TBMM 2007). On the other hand, violence and aggression are essential problems that are becoming increasingly common all over the world (WHO2002, WHO 2014).

The treatment of PMS is usually carried out gradually, including non-pharmacological strategies, pharmacological strategies, including antidepressants or hormonal methods, and surgery (Walsh et al., 2015). PGE, first developed by the American Dr. Jacobson in the 1920s, involves each muscle group's contraction and relaxation, respectively (Liu et al., 2020). During PGE, the major muscle groups are followed in a specific order; this order is hands, arms, eyebrows, eyes, back of neck, front of neck, shoulders, back, chest, abdomen, buttocks, front of thigh, back of thigh, calf and feet (Bushra & Ajaz, 2018; Dhyani et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2020; Perakam et al., 2019). Progressive relaxation exercise is a breathing and stretching method that provides relaxation of nerves and muscles from hand to foot, stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system and reducing sympathetic nervous system activities. In this way, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate slow down, metabolic rate decreases, endorphin release, pain, and fatigue, and facilitate the transition to sleep (Özer & Ergen, 2010; Kurt & Kapucu, 2018).

PGE is among the non-pharmacological methods that nurses can offer caregivers (Yılmaz et al., 2019). It is necessary for health professionals, especially nurses, to evaluate all women of reproductive age in terms of PMS, to plan educational interventions that will increase their awareness of the issue and enable them to develop appropriate coping strategies, to support the planned educational interventions through written or visual materials, to provide effective and quality counseling services, and to aim to improve women's decreased quality of life (Abay & Kaplan, 2019; Aksoy Derya et al. 2019, Akmalı et al 2020). Women may be advised to do relaxation exercises such as walking, running, swimming, and yoga regularly (at least 30 minutes a day) as they reduce stress by increasing endorphin levels and improve heart rate, lung capacity, and general health (Penedo & Dahn 2005; ACOG 2015; Khajehei 2015).

The study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises given to women with premenstrual syndrome on premenstrual syndrome symptoms and violent tendencies.

Conditions

Premenstrual Syndrome

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises

Progressive Relaxation Exercises (PGE) Practice: The importance and benefits of PGE exercises, situations to be avoided during the exercise, and the process of teaching by practicing and practicing the exercise will be done by the trained researcher for eight weeks, and it will be ensured that they repeat it at home. Progressive relaxation exercise instructions and a practical demonstration of the researcher will be made with the directives in the audio video with music. During the relaxation exercises, individuals will first intentionally tighten the muscle groups in the hands, arms, neck, shoulders, face, chest, abdomen, buttocks, feet, and fingers (muscle groups starting from the hands and ending with the feet) and then relax the muscles according to the commands on the CD.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Progressive muscle relaxation exercises

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

PMI is among the non-pharmacological methods nurses can offer caregivers (Yılmaz et al., 2019). Health professionals, especially nurses, should evaluate all women of reproductive age in terms of PMS, plan educational interventions that will increase their awareness of the issue and enable them to develop appropriate coping strategies, support the planned educational interventions through written or visual materials, provide effective and quality counseling services, and aim to improve women's decreased quality of life (Abay \& Kaplan 2019; Aksoy Derya et al. 2019; Akmalı et al. 2020). Women can be advised to do relaxation exercises such as walking, running, swimming, and yoga regularly (at least 30 minutes a day) as they reduce stress by increasing endorphin levels and improve heart rate, lung capacity, and general health (Penedo \& Dahn, 2005; ACOG, 2015; Khajehei 2015).

Violent tendency Scale

was developed to identify aggression and violence tendencies

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Violent tendency Scale

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Violent tendency Scale

Interventions

Progressive muscle relaxation exercises

PMI is among the non-pharmacological methods nurses can offer caregivers (Yılmaz et al., 2019). Health professionals, especially nurses, should evaluate all women of reproductive age in terms of PMS, plan educational interventions that will increase their awareness of the issue and enable them to develop appropriate coping strategies, support the planned educational interventions through written or visual materials, provide effective and quality counseling services, and aim to improve women's decreased quality of life (Abay \& Kaplan 2019; Aksoy Derya et al. 2019; Akmalı et al. 2020). Women can be advised to do relaxation exercises such as walking, running, swimming, and yoga regularly (at least 30 minutes a day) as they reduce stress by increasing endorphin levels and improve heart rate, lung capacity, and general health (Penedo \& Dahn, 2005; ACOG, 2015; Khajehei 2015).

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Violent tendency Scale

Violent tendency Scale

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Volunteering to participate in the study,

2. 18-40 years old,

3. At least primary school graduate,

4. Scored 110 and above on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale,

5. Menstrual cycle length for the last three months is within normal limits (21-35),

6. Women who have not used oral contraceptives for the last three months.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Having a physical or mental illness that would prevent participation in the study,

2. Women who score below 110 points on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Siirt University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sabri Togluk

Lecturer Doctor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Sidar GÜL, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

SİİRT UNIVERSITY

Locations

Siirt Education Research Hospital

Siirt, Centrum, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

Bünyamin AVCI

Role: CONTACT

siirtism@hs01.kep.tr

+90 5445084246

SİDAR GÜL, PhD

Role: CONTACT

sidar.gul@siirt.edu.tr

+90 541 4323740

References

Togluk S, Gul S. The effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on premenstrual syndrome symptoms and violence tendencies in women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2025 Apr 12;25(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03712-4.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40221724 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

STogluk

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id