Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
68 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-09-19
2025-03-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Although there are many known reasons for the increase in cesarean sections, more than 80% of women experience fear and anxiety before and during cesarean sections (Abarghoee et al., 2022; Salmanzadeh et al., 2018). A significant portion of women who undergo cesarean sections experience high levels of anxiety before the procedure (Maleki et al., 2022). Studies show that 63-86% of women who undergo cesarean section have higher levels of fear and anxiety compared to those who undergo general surgery (Ferede et al., 2022). Anxiety related to cesarean section surgery has been associated with physiological and psychological risks. Fear and anxiety experienced before cesarean section can trigger responses from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as affecting hormone levels. As a result, these responses can lead to increased blood pressure and heart rate, and cardiac arrhythmia (Koca et al. 2021). In addition, excessive fear and anxiety before and during surgery can lead to anesthesia complications, increased need for postoperative pain relief, prolonged recovery, delayed initiation of breastfeeding and discharge, higher costs, and decreased satisfaction with the birth experience (Schaal et al. ., 2020 and Hepp et al., 2018). Therefore, it is particularly important to address and reduce fear and anxiety related to cesarean section, as lower levels of fear and anxiety before and during surgery have been associated with greater maternal satisfaction and a more positive overall birth experience (Noben et al., 2019). Managing fear and anxiety can be approached using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological methods. Although pharmaceutical approaches are widely used, they can be expensive, sometimes painful, and carry the potential risk of adverse effects on the fetus if they cross the placenta (Eslami et al., 2020). Therefore, there is a focus on using non-pharmacological techniques to alleviate fear and anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section (Abadi et al., 2018). One effective example is the use of relaxation techniques to reduce fear and anxiety (Vagnoli et al., 2019). Frequently used methods include meditation, massage therapy, muscle relaxation exercises, acupuncture, energy healing applications, different breathing techniques such as controlled breathing or diaphragmatic breathing (Mohamady et al. 2022). Relaxation exercise is associated with decreased oxygen consumption levels and decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system (Ibrahim et al., 2019). One of the known methods of achieving relaxation is progressive relaxation exercise (PGE). Technically, PGE involves the voluntary, systematic tension and complete relaxation of large muscle groups until relaxation is achieved throughout the body. The aim is to ensure that the individual can relax on their own in their daily lives by feeling the difference between tension and relaxation in their body and mind (Burke et al. 2011; Özveren 2011). Considering the high incidence of cesarean section and the prevalence of anxiety and fear as psychological symptoms, it is of great importance to provide comfort and pain support to women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of planned pre-cesarean information and progressive relaxation exercises on surgical fear, anxiety, postpartum comfort and pain levels of primiparous women.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Experimental group
Each pregnant woman who meets the inclusion criteria will be interviewed individually for approximately 15-20 minutes on the day of surgery and data collection forms will be applied. Then, each woman will be given progressive relaxation exercises individually. Exercises will begin two hours before surgery and will be repeated four times. Each exercise will last approximately 20 minutes. Data collection forms will be applied two hours after the completion of the exercise and at the end of surgery.
progressive relaxation exercises and training
Considering the high incidence of cesarean section and the prevalence of anxiety and fear as psychological symptoms, providing comfort and pain support to women is of great importance. Therefore, the effect of progressive relaxation exercise and education before cesarean section surgery on care outcomes will be determined.
control group
Each pregnant woman in the control group will be administered the individual information form, State Anxiety Scale, and Surgical Fear Scale data collection tools two hours before the surgery and will be released to the routine care of the institution. After two hours, the State Anxiety Scale and Surgical Fear Scale will be administered again. 6 hours after the cesarean section, the woman's pain will be assessed with the VAS pain scale and 24 hours later, the postpartum comfort scale will be administered.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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progressive relaxation exercises and training
Considering the high incidence of cesarean section and the prevalence of anxiety and fear as psychological symptoms, providing comfort and pain support to women is of great importance. Therefore, the effect of progressive relaxation exercise and education before cesarean section surgery on care outcomes will be determined.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Primigravida,
* Applied for planned cesarean section,
* Live singleton pregnancy,
* Spinal anesthesia planned,
Exclusion Criteria
* Receiving general anesthesia.
18 Years
35 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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birnur YEŞİLDAĞ, Dr
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Ömer Halisdemir University
Locations
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Ömer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital
Niğde, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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NIGDE OMER HALISDEMIR UNIVERSI
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id