Effects of STN DBS on Cognition and Brain Networks in PD Patients Analyzed Based on EEG and fNIRS

NCT ID: NCT06175897

Last Updated: 2023-12-19

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-10-01

Study Completion Date

2025-07-01

Brief Summary

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In recent years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the primary treatment for patients with medically uncontrolled Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that it has been controversial whether DBS-subthal amic nucleus (STN) has facilitated or impaired cognitive function in patients with PD. The etiology of the effect of DBS on the single cognitive domain, executive function, has yet to be clarified. Previous clinical studies in which DBS was performed in patients with PD have been performed under the Stroop effect. TMT (Trail Making Test A and B) cognitive tests and simultaneous acquisition of brain function data by electroencephalograph-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) have yet to be reported.

To investigate the effect of DBS-STN on executive function in PD patients and whether there are differences at baseline, 1-month postoperative (DBS-on), 6 months postoperative follow-up, and 12 months postoperative follow-up. Under the condition of electroencephalograph-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) bimodal technology fusion, The investigators allow PD patients to operate the test of executive function (Stroop/TMT), real-time monitoring of cranial neurophysiology-oxygenation signals, and explore the changes of the brain function network of PD patients, and hope to achieve the following objectives through objective and scientific-technological means: (1) quantify the cognitive function of PD patients through EEG-fNIRS technology and possible trends of changes; (2) explain whether executive functions differ at the level of brain functional network connectivity between surgical and conservative treatments and whether the differences have interaction effects with treatment duration and treatment modalities, as well as analyze their simple effects; (3) To minimize artificial confounders of short-term learning effects and testers common to previous neurocognitive psychobehavioral tests; (4) To explore the mechanism of DBS on the changes of cortical brain networks in PD patients, to avoid or reduce the interference of surgery on cognitive functions, and to provide a theoretical basis for treating personalized surgical plans.

Detailed Description

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In recent years, deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS) has become a primary treatment for improving clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with predominantly motor slowing after poor drug effects from conventional drug therapy medications or after the progression of the disease. However, previous studies have been controversial in examining whether DBS-STN promotes or impairs cognitive function in patients with PD. Previous studies have found that DBS may affect executive function in patients with PD and that specific brain regions are closely related to executive function. In this study, the investigators used electroencephalograph-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) to obtain brain network connectivity in subjects and to explore the possible relationship between executive function and brain network connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease. To explore the possible brain network connectivity affecting execution in DBS-STN and to predict postoperative executive function in PD patients in DBS.

Among the single cognitive domains impaired, executive function impairment is the most common, accounting for more than 70% of the cases, and impairment of attention, working memory, and visuospatial ability are also more common. Impaired executive function is the most characteristic cognitive impairment in PD patients, which is related to the disruption of the integrity of the frontal-striatal loops, designing a wide range of functional brain regions, such as the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, substantia nigra, and so on, and clinically manifested as impaired cognitive flexibility, planning, concept formation, working memory, and learning ability. Executive dysfunction can seriously affect patients' social behavior, especially when performing more complex tasks that require the integration of multiple steps in a particular order.

Previous studies have found that brain network connectivity in specific brain regions is closely related to cognitive function, for example, there have been many clinical studies based on functional MRI blood oxygenation signals, but because of the poor immunity to electromagnetic interference, patients with implanted electrodes have to be DBS-off in order to do the MRI. Because of poor anti-motor interference, only some motor imagery and simple finger movements can be acquired under the DBS-off condition for functional MRI, and functional MRI has been an important issue limiting cognitive neuroscience research due to its low temporal resolution and its inability to monitor in real-time the changes of cortical brain blood oxygenation signals in the task paradigm.

Therefore, this study plans to design a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled equipotent clinical trial, which innovatively combines electroencephalography (EEG) with high temporal resolution and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a high spatial resolution to monitor cortical oxygenation signals in real-time, so that the brain electrophysiological and blood oxygenation signals can be acquired in real-time during a test of executive function (Stroop/TMT). The real-time measurement and evaluation of cognitive function by synchronously acquiring electrophysiological and oxygenation signaling changes in the brain while the patient is performing the executive function test (Stroop/TMT) and obtaining real-time EEG-fNIRS brain network data during the executive function test has always been a higher-order field of cognitive function research. The present study investigated the mechanisms of executive function impairment in PD patients and whether DBS-STN affects the brain network mechanisms of executive function. It is hoped to (1) quantify cognitive function and possible trends in cognitive functioning in PD patients by EEG-fNIRS technique, (2) Explain whether there are differences in executive function at the level of brain functional network connectivity between surgical and conservative treatments and whether there are interaction effects of the differences with the duration of treatment and the treatment modality as well as to analyze their simple effects, (3) To minimize artificial confounders of short-term learning effects and testers familiar with previous neurocognitive psychobehavioral tests, (4) To explore the mechanism of DBS on the changes of cortical brain networks in PD patients, to avoid or reduce the interference of surgery on cognitive functions, and to provide a theoretical basis for treating personalized surgical plans.

In this study, the investigators planned to design a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial. A total of 80 patients were randomly assigned to the DBS-STN group. The DBS treatment group, with the non-DBS treatment group, routinely DBS-on at 1 month postoperatively. The conservative treatment routinely on oral medication and the data on patients' brain function was collected by the simultaneous EEG-fNIRS bimodal technique in combination with cognitive testing (Stroop/TMT) at baseline, 1 month after DBS (DBS-on), and at 6 months/12 months after DBS, respectively.

Conditions

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Parkinson's Disease Executive Function Electroencephalogram Functional Near - Infrared Spectroscopy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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surgical group

Undergoing DBS

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Deep Brain Stimulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

An elaborate target/trajectory planning and a precise image fusion of MRI and stereotactic CT scanning are performed before surgery. After microelectrode recording, two sets of quadripolar DBS leads (contact interval is 0.5mm) will be inserted into the dorsolateral part of bilateral STN nuclei separately. Subsequently, an implantable pulse generator will be connected via extension wires and implanted at the left/right subclavicular area subcutaneously.

Device: STN-DBS devices DBS electrode: 3389 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or L301 (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1200 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China); Extension wire: 37086 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or E202 (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1340/SR1341 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China); Implantable pulse generator: ACTIVA PC/RC (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or G102/G102R (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1180/SR1101 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China).

control group

Undergoing non-DBS

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

non-Deep Brain Stimulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients with PD were given their original drug dose and did not receive DBS.

Interventions

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Deep Brain Stimulation

An elaborate target/trajectory planning and a precise image fusion of MRI and stereotactic CT scanning are performed before surgery. After microelectrode recording, two sets of quadripolar DBS leads (contact interval is 0.5mm) will be inserted into the dorsolateral part of bilateral STN nuclei separately. Subsequently, an implantable pulse generator will be connected via extension wires and implanted at the left/right subclavicular area subcutaneously.

Device: STN-DBS devices DBS electrode: 3389 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or L301 (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1200 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China); Extension wire: 37086 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or E202 (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1340/SR1341 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China); Implantable pulse generator: ACTIVA PC/RC (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) or G102/G102R (PINS Medical, Beijing, China) or 1180/SR1101 (SceneRay, Suzhou, China).

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

non-Deep Brain Stimulation

Patients with PD were given their original drug dose and did not receive DBS.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients with primary PD whose diagnosis meets "China's Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease" issued in 2016.
2. Disease duration: In principle, PD patients with disease duration ≥5 years, patients with disease duration \<5 years but meeting the clinical confirmation criteria for primary PD, with confirmation of surgical indications, the duration of the disease can be relaxed to 4 years, PD patients with predominantly tremor, with unsatisfactory improvement of tremor by standardized drug therapy and severe tremor affecting the patient's quality of life, the duration of the disease can be relaxed to 3 years after evaluation.
3. Patients who have received levodopa medication with good efficacy and ≥30% improvement of symptoms in dopamine shock test.
4. Significant decrease in the efficacy of drug therapy, intolerable motor complications, and drug side effects.
5. Disease severity: In patients with symptomatic fluctuation of the "on-off" phenomenon, the Hoehn-Yahr stage of the off phase is 2.5-4.0.
6. Age: The age of patients undergoing surgery is usually \<75 years old, and if the patient's physical condition is good, the age limit can be appropriately relaxed.
7. Those who agree to undergo evaluation and can cooperate to complete the follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Have significant cognitive dysfunction.
2. Have a psychiatric disorder such as severe depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia.
3. Have underlying severe diseases that cannot tolerate surgery or affect post-operative survival.
4. The disease has progressed to the terminal stage, and the patient is entirely unable to take care of himself/herself and is bedridden.
5. Those with abnormal intracranial lesions and contraindications to MRI scanning, such as those with metal implants, claustrophobia, etc.
6. Parkinson's disease syndrome and Parkinson's superimposed syndrome caused by other reasons.
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Zhiqi Mao

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Zhiqi Mao

Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Zhiqi Mao, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Chinese PLA General Hospital

Locations

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Chinese PLA General Hospital

Beijing, , China

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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China

Central Contacts

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Zhiqi Mao, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 8618910155994

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Zhiqi Mao, PhD

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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ChinaPLAGH-ZH

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id