Individualized PEEP Titration on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

NCT ID: NCT06150079

Last Updated: 2025-07-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

240 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-11-30

Study Completion Date

2025-02-09

Brief Summary

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This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of implementing a personalized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) management strategy guided by esophageal pressure (Pes), as well as its potential to reduce the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Detailed Description

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This trial is a single-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia will be recruited according the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants in this study will be randomly assigned into two groups. The total sample size will be 232, with 116 participants in the experimental group and 116 participants in the control group. A stratified block randomization method will be employed, using the ARISCAT score for PPCs risk assessment and individual study centers as stratification factors. Anesthesia routine will be applied during pre-anesthetic preparation, anesthetic induction, maintenance and emergence except intraoperative respiratory management. In the control group, fixed PEEP of 3 cmH2O is applied throughout the procedure without lung recruitment maneuvers. While in the experimental group (Pes-Guided Group), continuous monitoring of end-expiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) is conducted. PEEP is chosen to maintain a positive transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration (PL = PEEP - Pes) after lung recruitment. PEEP titration following lung recruitment should be performed after endotracheal intubation or any procedure that may cause lung collapse, such as pneumoperitoneum, deflation or inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff, changes in position, or endotracheal suctioning. PEEP Titration is also required every hour after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum. Patients will be followed up within 7 days after surgery to assess basic vital signs, potential postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Additionally, postoperative non-respiratory complications will be evaluated. Laboratory tests, the 15-item Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire, complications within 30 days after surgery, and 90-day survival rates will also be recorded.

Conditions

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Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Positive End-expiratory Pressure Elderly Laparoscopic Surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Control Group

After endotracheal intubation, an esophageal balloon is placed and calibrated for accurate positioning and inflation pressure. Continuous monitoring of end-expiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) is conducted. Fixed PEEP of 3 cmH2O is applied throughout the procedure without lung recruitment maneuvers.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Pes-Guided Group

After endotracheal intubation, an esophageal balloon is placed and calibrated for accurate positioning and inflation pressure. Continuous monitoring of end-expiratory esophageal pressure (Pes) is conducted. Lung recruitment is performed at each time point. After lung recruitment, ventilation is adjusted based on the target PEEP. PEEP is chosen to maintain a positive transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration (PL = PEEP - Pes). PEEP titration following lung recruitment should be performed within 1 hour after endotracheal intubation or any procedure that may cause lung collapse, such as pneumoperitoneum, deflation or inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff, changes in position, or endotracheal suctioning.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Pes-Guided PEEP titration

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Lung recruitment is performed at each time point, involving a switch from volume-controlled (VCV) mode to pressure-controlled (PCV) mode with a pressure setting of 20 cmH2O, RR of 15 bpm, I:E ratio of 1:1, FiO2 of 0.4, and PEEP of 5 cmH2O. During lung recruitment, PEEP is gradually increased in increments of 5 cmH2O, maintained for 5 respiratory cycles until PEEP reaches 20 cmH2O and airway pressure reaches 40 cmH2O, and then maintained for 10 respiratory cycles. After lung recruitment, ventilation is adjusted based on the target PEEP. Each PEEP titration should ensure adequate muscle relaxation, volume status, and hemodynamic stability. PEEP is chosen to maintain a positive transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration (PL = PEEP - Pes). Each PEEP titration should ensure adequate muscle relaxation, volume status, and hemodynamic stability.

Interventions

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Pes-Guided PEEP titration

Lung recruitment is performed at each time point, involving a switch from volume-controlled (VCV) mode to pressure-controlled (PCV) mode with a pressure setting of 20 cmH2O, RR of 15 bpm, I:E ratio of 1:1, FiO2 of 0.4, and PEEP of 5 cmH2O. During lung recruitment, PEEP is gradually increased in increments of 5 cmH2O, maintained for 5 respiratory cycles until PEEP reaches 20 cmH2O and airway pressure reaches 40 cmH2O, and then maintained for 10 respiratory cycles. After lung recruitment, ventilation is adjusted based on the target PEEP. Each PEEP titration should ensure adequate muscle relaxation, volume status, and hemodynamic stability. PEEP is chosen to maintain a positive transpulmonary pressure at end-expiration (PL = PEEP - Pes). Each PEEP titration should ensure adequate muscle relaxation, volume status, and hemodynamic stability.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients aged 65 years or older, male or female
2. Scheduled to perform major laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia
3. Expected duration of surgery ≥ 2 hours
4. Written informed consent is obtainable either from the patient or from a legal surrogate

Exclusion Criteria

1. BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2.
2. History of pulmonary surgery (of any type).
3. History of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring non-invasive ventilation and/or home oxygen therapy.
4. Patients on systemic corticosteroid treatment for acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.
5. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure \> 40 mmHg.
6. Heart failure according to the New York Heart Association classification (class III or IV), ongoing hemodynamic instability, or severe shock (determined by the attending internist, cardiac index \< 2.5 L/min/m2, or the requirement for positive inotropic drugs to maintain blood pressure).
7. Severe cardiac disease (acute coronary syndrome according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society, atrial flutter/fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) \< 4) (METs \< 4, determined by the inability to climb ≥ 2 flights of stairs).
8. Severe liver or renal dysfunction (Child-Pugh score 10-15, serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL, or patients requiring peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis).
9. Neuromuscular disease (of any type).
10. History of bone marrow transplantation or recent history of immunosuppressive drugs (chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 2 months before surgery).
11. Mechanical ventilation duration \> 30 minutes within the past 30 days (e.g., surgery under general anesthesia).
12. Requirement for one-lung ventilation.
13. History of acute respiratory distress syndrome with potential need for prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation.
14. Planned re-intubation after surgery.
15. Pregnancy (excluded by medical history and/or laboratory tests).
16. Brain injury or tumor.
17. Requirement for prone or lateral position during surgery.
18. Severe esophagogastric varices.
19. Enrollment in other interventional studies or refusal to sign informed consent.
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Fudan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Changhong Miao

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Zhongshang Hospital Fudan University

Jing Zhong

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Zhongshang Hospital Fudan University

Locations

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180 Fenglin Road

Shanghai, , China

Site Status

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center

Shanghai, , China

Site Status

Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center

Shanghai, , China

Site Status

Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University

Xiamen, , China

Site Status

Countries

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China

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Hegeman MA, Hemmes SN, Kuipers MT, Bos LD, Jongsma G, Roelofs JJ, van der Sluijs KF, Juffermans NP, Vroom MB, Schultz MJ. The extent of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice partly depends on duration of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Res Pract. 2013;2013:435236. doi: 10.1155/2013/435236. Epub 2013 Apr 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Tusman G, Bohm SH, Warner DO, Sprung J. Atelectasis and perioperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Feb;25(1):1-10. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834dd1eb.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27829093 (View on PubMed)

Ferrando C, Soro M, Unzueta C, Suarez-Sipmann F, Canet J, Librero J, Pozo N, Peiro S, Llombart A, Leon I, India I, Aldecoa C, Diaz-Cambronero O, Pestana D, Redondo FJ, Garutti I, Balust J, Garcia JI, Ibanez M, Granell M, Rodriguez A, Gallego L, de la Matta M, Gonzalez R, Brunelli A, Garcia J, Rovira L, Barrios F, Torres V, Hernandez S, Gracia E, Gine M, Garcia M, Garcia N, Miguel L, Sanchez S, Pineiro P, Pujol R, Garcia-Del-Valle S, Valdivia J, Hernandez MJ, Padron O, Colas A, Puig J, Azparren G, Tusman G, Villar J, Belda J; Individualized PeRioperative Open-lung VEntilation (iPROVE) Network. Individualised perioperative open-lung approach versus standard protective ventilation in abdominal surgery (iPROVE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 Mar;6(3):193-203. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30024-9. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Zhang C, Xu F, Li W, Tong X, Xia R, Wang W, Du J, Shi X. Driving Pressure-Guided Individualized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg. 2021 Nov 1;133(5):1197-1205. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005575.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34125080 (View on PubMed)

Akoumianaki E, Maggiore SM, Valenza F, Bellani G, Jubran A, Loring SH, Pelosi P, Talmor D, Grasso S, Chiumello D, Guerin C, Patroniti N, Ranieri VM, Gattinoni L, Nava S, Terragni PP, Pesenti A, Tobin M, Mancebo J, Brochard L; PLUG Working Group (Acute Respiratory Failure Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine). The application of esophageal pressure measurement in patients with respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Mar 1;189(5):520-31. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2193CI.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24467647 (View on PubMed)

Fernandez-Bustamante A, Sprung J, Parker RA, Bartels K, Weingarten TN, Kosour C, Thompson BT, Vidal Melo MF. Individualized PEEP to optimise respiratory mechanics during abdominal surgery: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Sep;125(3):383-392. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.030. Epub 2020 Jul 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32682559 (View on PubMed)

Cammarota G, Lauro G, Sguazzotti I, Mariano I, Perucca R, Messina A, Zanoni M, Garofalo E, Bruni A, Della Corte F, Navalesi P, Bignami E, Vaschetto R, Mojoli F. Esophageal Pressure Versus Gas Exchange to Set PEEP During Intraoperative Ventilation. Respir Care. 2020 May;65(5):625-635. doi: 10.4187/respcare.07238.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32345760 (View on PubMed)

Zhong J, Xu P, Zhou X, Zou K, Yu J, Liu Y, Zhu M, Wei M, Yang H, Miao C. Effect of intraoperative oesophageal pressure-guided PEEP on postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial in China. BMJ Open. 2025 Aug 13;15(8):e096219. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-096219.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40812804 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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B2023-334R

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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