Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
30 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2019-01-16
2019-07-15
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Control Caregivers
Control participants will write about their daily and future tasks three times.
Expressive Writing
Caregivers complete three 20-min writing sessions in which they write about an assigned topic - emotional or non-emotional.
Expressive Writing Caregivers
Experimental participants will write about their thoughts and feelings about an emotionally difficult event three times.
Expressive Writing
Caregivers complete three 20-min writing sessions in which they write about an assigned topic - emotional or non-emotional.
Interventions
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Expressive Writing
Caregivers complete three 20-min writing sessions in which they write about an assigned topic - emotional or non-emotional.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Be 21 years or older
* Have access to a computer with internet access
Patients must:
* Be women
* Have a diagnosis of breast cancer (non-recurrent)
Caregivers must be:
-The patient's caregiver (providing support to the patient)
Exclusion Criteria
-Younger than 21 years
Patients must not:
* Be men
* Have a diagnosis other than breast cancer (non-recurrent)
21 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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U.S. National Science Foundation
FED
Stanford University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Lameese Eldesouky, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Stanford University
James Gross, PhD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Stanford University
Locations
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Stanford University
Stanford, California, United States
Countries
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References
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Lwi SJ, Ford BQ, Casey JJ, Miller BL, Levenson RW. Poor caregiver mental health predicts mortality of patients with neurodegenerative disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 11;114(28):7319-7324. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701597114. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Kershaw, T., Northouse, L., Kritpracha, C., Schafenacker, A., & Mood, D. (2004). Coping strategies and quality of life in women with advanced breast cancer and their family caregivers. Psychology & Health, 19, 139-155.
Appleton AA, Loucks EB, Buka SL, Kubzansky LD. Divergent associations of antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation strategies with midlife cardiovascular disease risk. Ann Behav Med. 2014 Oct;48(2):246-55. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9600-4.
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299.
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1-26.
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Srivastava S, Tamir M, McGonigal KM, John OP, Gross JJ. The social costs of emotional suppression: a prospective study of the transition to college. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Apr;96(4):883-97. doi: 10.1037/a0014755.
Richards JM, Gross JJ. Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Sep;79(3):410-24. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.3.410.
Aldao A, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Schweizer S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Mar;30(2):217-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
Butler EA, Egloff B, Wilhelm FH, Smith NC, Erickson EA, Gross JJ. The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion. 2003 Mar;3(1):48-67. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48.
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Pennebaker JW. Putting stress into words: health, linguistic, and therapeutic implications. Behav Res Ther. 1993 Jul;31(6):539-48. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90105-4.
Lepore, S. J., & Smyth, J. (Eds.). (2003). The writing cure: How expressive writing influences health and well-being. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Graybeal, A. (2001). Patterns of natural language use: Disclosure, personality, and social integration. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 90-93.
Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Aug;85(2):348-62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, Dhabhar FS, Sephton SE, McDonald PG, Stefanek M, Sood AK. The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: pathways and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Mar;6(3):240-8. doi: 10.1038/nrc1820.
Kim Y, Schulz R, Carver CS. Benefit-finding in the cancer caregiving experience. Psychosom Med. 2007 Apr;69(3):283-91. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180417cf4. Epub 2007 Apr 9.
DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations: a quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care. 2004 Mar;42(3):200-9. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9.
Porter LS, Keefe FJ, Lipkus I, Hurwitz H. Ambivalence over emotional expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and their caregivers: associations with patient pain and quality of life. Pain. 2005 Oct;117(3):340-348. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.06.021.
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Pennebaker JW, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R. Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Apr;56(2):239-45. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.2.239. No abstract available.
Crawford J, Wilhelm K, Robins L, Proudfoot J. Writing for Health: Rationale and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Internet-Based Benefit-Finding Writing for Adults With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 Mar 14;6(3):e42. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7151.
Kelley JE, Lumley MA, Leisen JC. Health effects of emotional disclosure in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Health Psychol. 1997 Jul;16(4):331-40. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.16.4.331.
Riddle JP, Smith HE, Jones CJ. Does written emotional disclosure improve the psychological and physical health of caregivers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2016 May;80:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
Eldesouky L, Gross JJ. Using expressive writing to improve cancer caregiver and patient health: A randomized controlled feasibility trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2024 Jun;70:102578. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102578. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
Other Identifiers
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IRB-47800
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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