The Effect of Intrinsic Focus on Gait Cycle and the Possible Confounding Effect of Noise in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
NCT ID: NCT06065410
Last Updated: 2023-10-03
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
40 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-02-01
2023-04-30
Brief Summary
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In the literature, there are many studies of the positive effects of white noise on focusing, but there are also studies that report that it reduces focusing.
Today, exercise training is usually performed in rehabilitation units or on treadmills. As there are important differences between walking on a treadmill and walking outdoors in terms of noise, uneven ground and visual stimuli, the place where walking training is performed does not reflect the outdoor environment.
It was aimed to investigate the effect of internal focusing on gait cycle and the effect of white noise and environmental sound on internal focusing in patients with knee osteoarthritis
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Detailed Description
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The demographic data of the patients who were evaluated with the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S) and had adequate hearing level were recorded, bilateral true leg lengths were measured and detailed knee examinations were performed. Lequesne Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Index, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), 30 Second Sit to Stand Test and Timed Up and Go Test were applied to the patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Patients walked at a speed of 0.40-0.45 m/s on a treadmill (Biodex Gait Trainer) where gait parameters were collected. Each patient walked at a constant speed for three minutes each in the baseline (without any instruction or sound), intrinsic focus (focusing on ensuring equal step lengths and step durations on both sides and symmetry between both steps), white noise (intrinsic focus accompanied by white noise) and environmental sound (intrinsic focus accompanied by environmental sound) conditions. After walking in each condition, gait parameters ( average step cycle, average step length, percentage of step length variability, percentage of left/right side stepping time and ambulation index) were recorded. The User Experience Questionnaire Short Form was adapted for our study to assess patients' experiences during intrinsically focused walking in white noise and environmental sound conditions. Patients were asked to rate their walking periods in white noise and environmental sound conditions in terms of inhibiting-supportive, inefficient-efficient, complex-simple, confusing-clear, boring-exciting, uninteresting-interesting, traditional-unique, and familiar-unusual characteristics.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NA
SINGLE_GROUP
OTHER
NONE
Study Groups
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Patients with knee osteoarthritis
Baseline
Walking without any instruction or sound
Intrinsic focus
Walking focusing on ensuring equal step lengths and step durations on both sides and symmetry between both steps
White noise
Intrinsic focus accompanied by white noise
environmental sound
Intrinsic focus accompanied by environmental sound
Interventions
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Baseline
Walking without any instruction or sound
Intrinsic focus
Walking focusing on ensuring equal step lengths and step durations on both sides and symmetry between both steps
White noise
Intrinsic focus accompanied by white noise
environmental sound
Intrinsic focus accompanied by environmental sound
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Good cooperation
* Diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis according to ACR criteria
* At least stage 2 unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis according to Kellgren Lawrence staging
* Individuals \>50 years of age
Exclusion Criteria
* Presence of a neurological, cardiac or orthopedic pathology that prevents walking
* The presence of another pathology other than knee osteoarthritis that affects the knee and causes pain
* Presence of diseases such as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis affecting other joints in the lower extremity
50 Years
75 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Gazi University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Dilek Sayar
Research Assistant Medical Doctor
Locations
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Gazi University Faculty of Medicine
Ankara, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Roos EM, Arden NK. Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;12(2):92-101. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.135. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Lespasio MJ, Piuzzi NS, Husni ME, Muschler GF, Guarino A, Mont MA. Knee Osteoarthritis: A Primer. Perm J. 2017;21:16-183. doi: 10.7812/TPP/16-183.
Turcot K, Armand S, Lubbeke A, Fritschy D, Hoffmeyer P, Suva D. Does knee alignment influence gait in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis? Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2013 Jan;28(1):34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2012.09.004. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
Neumann DL. A Systematic Review of Attentional Focus Strategies in Weightlifting. Front Sports Act Living. 2019 Aug 9;1:7. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00007. eCollection 2019.
Johnson L, Burridge JH, Demain SH. Internal and external focus of attention during gait re-education: an observational study of physical therapist practice in stroke rehabilitation. Phys Ther. 2013 Jul;93(7):957-66. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20120300. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
Wulf G, Prinz W. Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: a review. Psychon Bull Rev. 2001 Dec;8(4):648-60. doi: 10.3758/bf03196201.
Faisal AA, Selen LP, Wolpert DM. Noise in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Apr;9(4):292-303. doi: 10.1038/nrn2258.
Muzet A. Environmental noise, sleep and health. Sleep Med Rev. 2007 Apr;11(2):135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2006.09.001. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
Shidara M, Richmond BJ. Effect of visual noise on pattern recognition. Exp Brain Res. 2005 May;163(2):239-41. doi: 10.1007/s00221-005-2230-0. Epub 2005 Mar 15.
Helps SK, Bamford S, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Soderlund GB. Different effects of adding white noise on cognitive performance of sub-, normal and super-attentive school children. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 13;9(11):e112768. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112768. eCollection 2014.
van Kempen E, van Kamp I, Lebret E, Lammers J, Emmen H, Stansfeld S. Neurobehavioral effects of transportation noise in primary schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2010 Jun 1;9:25. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-25.
Other Identifiers
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Gazi University PMR.
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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