The Efficacy of the 2023-2024 Updated COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19 Infection

NCT ID: NCT06065176

Last Updated: 2026-01-28

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

View full results

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

1188 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-11-22

Study Completion Date

2024-09-09

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The purpose of this research study is to find out how well two different 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccines protect people from COVID-19 (the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), and to determine if getting a 2023-2024 updated vaccine provides better protection from COVID-19 than not getting a vaccine.

If the participant chooses to get a 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine as part of this study, they will have a 50/50 chance of receiving either the Novavax or Pfizer mRNA vaccine.

If the participant decides not to get a 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine, the participant can still participate in other study activities.

STUDY ACTIVITIES:

* An online enrollment survey
* An in-person enrollment visit
* Weekly online surveys for 20 weeks
* Weekly COVID-19 tests for 20 weeks
* Additional online surveys if you have COVID-19 symptoms or tested positive for COVID-19.
* Additional COVID-19 tests if you have COVID-19 symptoms or tested positive.
* Online survey questions in the middle and at the end of the study

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

For the BEEHIVE Study, UT seeks to enroll 1,500 participants living in the greater Salt Lake City area during the upcoming 2023-2024 COVID-19 season. Participants who intend to get vaccinated with the 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine (n=1200) will be randomized into the NVX vaccine group or the Pfizer mRNA vaccine group. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive 1 dose of the NVX vaccine versus 1 dose of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine from October to December 2023 (dates may vary slightly based on vaccine availability). Participants who decide not to receive a 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine during this period will be placed in a non-randomized comparison group (n=300).

Participants in all three study arms will complete an online enrollment survey and will self-schedule an in-person enrollment visit. During the visit, all participants will receive a supply of at-home rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Those who choose to be in the vaccinated group will also receive either the Novavax vaccine or the Pfizer mRNA vaccine at random. On the first, second, and seventh day after receiving the vaccine, participants will complete an online post-vaccination survey. Beginning after the enrollment visit for a period of 24 weeks, all participants will complete a weekly rapid at-home test and a weekly online survey that surveils for COVID-like illness (CLI)-associated SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, defined as symptoms in the past 7 days including: fever; chills; malaise; fatigue; headache; cough; shortness of breath; sore throat; runny nose or nasal congestion; nausea or vomiting; diarrhea; muscle or body aches; or change in smell or taste. Participants will upload a photo of each weekly test result to the study portal. Those who report new CLI symptoms and those who test positive on their at-home test will complete additional online surveys concerning their illness, as well as another at-home test on the first and third day after the original test. Additionally, all participants will complete a mid- and end-of study survey about their work, health, and opinions about COVID-19, and any COVID-19 and influenza vaccines received. Finally, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 during the study or who had COVID-19 symptoms but did not test positive will complete an online survey about the duration of symptoms and impact on their health. By Summer 2024, study staff will inform participants when the weekly surveys will end and when to stop testing. At the end of the study, participants in the vaccinated group will be notified of which study vaccine they received.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

COVID-19 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases SARS CoV 2 Infection Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Upper Respiratory Disease

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This randomized, three arm, active comparator trial will compare the clinical efficacy of a single dose of the Novavax 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine (Arm 1) with a single dose of the Pfizer mRNA 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine (Arm 2) as well as non-vaccinated comparison group (Arm 3). The participants who elect to receive a 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine are randomized into the Novavax (Arm 1) or Pfizer mRNA (Arm 2) vaccine groups. The non-vaccinated comparison group is nonrandomized.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
Participants will elect whether they are in the vaccinated group or decline to be in the vaccinated group. So, all participants will be aware of their group assignment. However, those participants in the vaccinated group as well as study investigators will be blinded to study arm assignments within the vaccinated group. A limited number of study staff handling and administering the vaccines will be aware of vaccine assignment and will be trained not to divulge vaccine assignment information to the investigator and study team. Study staff administering vaccine will not be involved with study surveillance to avoid involvement with measurement of study outcomes. The study will provide electronic documentation confirming that participants received one of the study vaccines (without indicating which vaccine) with date of vaccine administration. The electronic documentation of vaccine administration will be password protected to maintain blinding.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Novavax COVID-19 booster

Participants will receive a single dose (0.5 ml) of study vaccine Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, 2023-2024 formula (XBB containing) in the deltoid muscle of the arm.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing)

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Participants will receive a single dose of the Novavax vaccine.

Pfizer COVID-19 booster

Participants will receive a single dose (0.3 ml) of study vaccine Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, 2023-2024 formula (XBB containing) in the deltoid muscle of the arm.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing)

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Participants will receive a single dose of the Pfizer vaccine.

Non-boosted comparison group

Participants will not receive a dose of the study vaccine.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing)

Participants will receive a single dose of the Novavax vaccine.

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing)

Participants will receive a single dose of the Pfizer vaccine.

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Age ≥18 years
* Previously received ≥ 2-doses of US FDA-authorized mRNA vaccines
* Comfortable reading and responding to text messages and emails sent in English or having an interpreter assist them
* Plan to remain in the greater Salt Lake City area for the next 12 months
* Daily access to the internet (via cell phone, laptop, desktop, or tablet) and a phone with text messaging capabilities
* Willingness to complete weekly symptom and illness surveillance surveys sent via text and email
* Willingness to complete an online survey at enrollment, mid-study, and end-of-study surveys
* Willingness to be contacted periodically by study staff via text, email, and/or telephone as part of study activities
* Willingness to self-collect rapid antigen tests (RAT; approved by FDA EUA for COVID-19 detection) weekly and when prompted for study purposes, and to send results via the study portal
* Willingness to self-collect additional rapid antigen test (approved by FDA EUA for COVID-19 detection) if experiencing a qualifying symptomatic illness or upon RAT-confirmation of an asymptomatic infection
* Willingness to attend in-person visit to receive supply of rapid antigen tests and training on their use (all participants) and to receive a COVID-19 booster (if in randomized group)

Exclusion Criteria

* Lives with another person who is already enrolled in this study as reported by the subject on the Eligibility Survey (Appendix C. Eligibility Survey)
* Previous hypersensitivity reaction to the study vaccines as reported by the subject on the Eligibility Survey (Appendix C. Eligibility Survey)
* Recent infection \[Real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction assay (RT-PCR) and/or RAT confirmed infection ≤ 90 days of trial vaccine administration
* Receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine within ≤ 90 days of trial vaccine administration
* Participation in other vaccine trials
* Medical history of immunosuppression
* Receipt of J\&J vaccine prior to study enrollment
* Receipt of any investigational prevention therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infections, such as prophylactic antiviral medications or other immune system modifying interventions within ≤ 90 days of trial vaccine administration
* Unwillingness to provide electronic consent
* Unwillingness to self-report occupation, work responsibilities, and prior COVID-19 illness.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Westat

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Novavax

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Sarang K. Yoon, DO, MOH

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Sarang K. Yoon, DO, MOH

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Sarang K Yoon, DO

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Utah

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of Utah School of Medicine

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

00172738

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Safety and Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2705
NCT07079670 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING PHASE3
COVID-19 Booster Study in Healthy Adults in Australia
NCT05658523 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING PHASE3