Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Depressive Symptoms in Hong Kong Older Adults

NCT ID: NCT06014294

Last Updated: 2023-09-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

144 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-03-01

Study Completion Date

2024-12-31

Brief Summary

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Depression in later life is a common health problem in aging societies. It is associated with poor quality of life, and increased risks of morbidity and mortality. People with severe depression may develop serious psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions) and have higher mortality and disability than those with mild and moderate depression.

Traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) (e.g., Baduanjin Qigong) has proved to be effective in preventing and alleviating depressive symptoms among older adults. However, older adults with mental illnesses have poorer engagement and compliance with MICT programs. In recent years, as a novel type of exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which includes repeated bouts of high-intensity effort followed by varied recovery times, appears to be a promising approach for overcoming limitations in traditional MICT programs.

Considering there is little evidence of HIIT benefits related to older adults with depression, the current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 16-week HIIT intervention on depressive symptoms and other health-related outcomes among Hong Kong Chinese older adults.

Detailed Description

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The study will be a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) with three groups and three times repeated measures. Data will be collected in a pretest, post-test, and three months after the intervention. The eligible community elderly centers will be randomly distributed into one of three groups in a ratio of 1:1:1. The participants recruited and meeting the screening criteria will receive a 16-week HIIT intervention or Baduanjin exercise or recreation workshop. The intervention effects will be evaluated on depressive symptoms, concentration of salivary cortisol, sleep quality, quality of life, and physical fitness.

Conditions

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Depressive Symptoms

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The present research follows a cluster randomized controlled experimental design (CRCT), parallel type with three groups in multi-centers and being assessed in a pretest, posttest, and after three months of the completion of the intervention. The participants will be randomly allocated to one experimental group, one exercise control group, and one non-exercise control group. The non-exercise control group continue to maintain their daily routine and will be asked to attend workshop. While two exercise groups, one group performs a HIIT program, and the other group performs a Baduanjin exercise program.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

HIIT program for 16 weeks with a frequency of 2 times per week.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

HIIT

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will receive a 16-week HIIT program, with 2 sessions per week. Each session will comprise three sections, including warm-up, main exercise and cool down. The time will be between 34 to 40 minutes with progression of training. Each HIIT section will include ten combined exercises with self-weight. For Weeks 1-2, the HIIT section will include 10 intervals of 30 seconds HIIT workout at corresponding intensity, separated by 9 intervals of 60 seconds of active recovery.

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT)

Baduanjin exercise as MICT will be applied with the same program duration and frequency as the HIIT group. The entire set of Baduanjin Qigong exercises in the current study includes 8 postures.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Baduanjin

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

As a typical MICT, Baduanjin Qigong will be performed. The instructor will provide group teaching with individual instructions on specific movements. The same training principles of individuality and progression used in the HIIT group will also be applied to Baduanjin Qigong group.

Non-exercise control

Participants will not receive any exercise training, but attending 32 recreation workshops.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Workshop

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants in the non-exercise control group will receive a series of workshops related to daily recreation.

Interventions

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HIIT

Participants will receive a 16-week HIIT program, with 2 sessions per week. Each session will comprise three sections, including warm-up, main exercise and cool down. The time will be between 34 to 40 minutes with progression of training. Each HIIT section will include ten combined exercises with self-weight. For Weeks 1-2, the HIIT section will include 10 intervals of 30 seconds HIIT workout at corresponding intensity, separated by 9 intervals of 60 seconds of active recovery.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Baduanjin

As a typical MICT, Baduanjin Qigong will be performed. The instructor will provide group teaching with individual instructions on specific movements. The same training principles of individuality and progression used in the HIIT group will also be applied to Baduanjin Qigong group.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Workshop

Participants in the non-exercise control group will receive a series of workshops related to daily recreation.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 60 to 74 years at the start date of the project
* Chinese version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-C) scoring 5-11 (i.e., mild to moderate level of depressive symptoms)
* Passing the PAR-Q plus screening or with the physician's approval for readiness to participate in high-intensity exercise
* Above the average level of 2-mins stepping showing competent aerobic fitness
* No restriction on physical mobility
* No cognitive impairment, as determined by the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (i.e., score \< 24)
* No previous substantial experiences in practicing HIIT or Baduanjin Qigong. The written informed consent form will be collected from each participant

Exclusion Criteria

* Severe chronic disease restricting high-intensity exercise
* Having cognition impairment regarded by specialists
Minimum Eligible Age

60 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

74 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Hong Kong Baptist University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Yanping Duan

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hong Kong Baptist Univeristy; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health

Locations

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Bliss District Elderly Community Centre

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Hong Kong

Central Contacts

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Yanping Duan

Role: CONTACT

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18590603 (View on PubMed)

Wei J, Hou R, Zhang X, Xu H, Xie L, Chandrasekar EK, Ying M, Goodman M. The association of late-life depression with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;215(2):449-455. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2019.74. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30968781 (View on PubMed)

Liu F, Cui J, Liu X, Chen KW, Chen X, Li R. The effect of tai chi and Qigong exercise on depression and anxiety of individuals with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 May 29;20(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-02967-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32471415 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29227709 (View on PubMed)

Martland R, Mondelli V, Gaughran F, Stubbs B. Can high intensity interval training improve health outcomes among people with mental illness? A systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis of intervention studies across a range of mental illnesses. J Affect Disord. 2020 Feb 15;263:629-660. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.039. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31780128 (View on PubMed)

Martland R, Korman N, Firth J, Vancampfort D, Thompson T, Stubbs B. Can high-intensity interval training improve mental health outcomes in the general population and those with physical illnesses? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Mar;56(5):279-291. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103984. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34531186 (View on PubMed)

Korman N, Armour M, Chapman J, Rosenbaum S, Kisely S, Suetani S, Firth J, Siskind D. High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) for people with severe mental illness: A systematic review & meta-analysis of intervention studies- considering diverse approaches for mental and physical recovery. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Feb;284:112601. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112601. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31883740 (View on PubMed)

Cheng ST, Chan AC. A brief version of the geriatric depression scale for the chinese. Psychol Assess. 2004 Jun;16(2):182-6. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.182.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15222814 (View on PubMed)

Tsai PS, Wang SY, Wang MY, Su CT, Yang TT, Huang CJ, Fang SC. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in primary insomnia and control subjects. Qual Life Res. 2005 Oct;14(8):1943-52. doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-4346-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16155782 (View on PubMed)

Rikli RE, Jones CJ. Senior fitness test manual. Human kinetics; 2013

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Chen HC, Hsu NW, Chou P. Subgrouping Poor Sleep Quality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Latent Class Analysis - The Yilan Study, Taiwan. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 25;10(1):5432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62374-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32214167 (View on PubMed)

Leung KF, Tay M, Cheng SS, Lin F. Hong Kong Chinese version World Health Organization quality of life measure-abbreviated version. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Hospital Authority. 1997 Dec.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Chapman, J. J., Coombes, J. S., Brown, W. J., Khan, A., Chamoli, S., Pachana, N. A., & Burton, N. W. (2017). The feasibility and acceptability of high-intensity interval training for adults with mental illness: A pilot study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 13, 40-48.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Grant A, Treweek S, Dreischulte T, Foy R, Guthrie B. Process evaluations for cluster-randomised trials of complex interventions: a proposed framework for design and reporting. Trials. 2013 Jan 12;14:15. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23311722 (View on PubMed)

Duan Y, Wang Y, Liang W, Wong HS, Baker JS, Yang S. Feasibility and effects of high-intensity interval training in older adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms: A pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2025 Jul;23(3):246-251. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.05.004. Epub 2025 May 24.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40520628 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

World Health Organization. Depression (2020).

https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/ncd_watch_sep2012.pdf

Non-Communicable Diseases Watch. (2012). Depression: Beyond Feeling Blue.

Other Identifiers

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12616922

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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