Yoga Therapy and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Behaviors

NCT ID: NCT05865067

Last Updated: 2023-10-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

34 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-06-01

Study Completion Date

2023-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This clinical trial aims to learn about, test, and compare the effect yoga therapy has on improving disruptive behaviors (e.g., oppositional defiant disorder) in Latino preschool children and parent-child interactions.

The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are:

* Can Yoga Therapy improve disruptive behaviors in Latino preschool children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder traits?
* Can Yoga Therapy improve parent-child interactions in Latino preschool children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder traits?

Participants will:

* Complete an initial survey to screen for inclusion and exclusion factors
* Fill out two questionnaires and consent form at the first visit
* Fill out four questionnaires on orientation day (day 2)
* Receive orientation and receive an educational pamphlet on the 2nd and 15th (closing) days
* Participate in the 12 Yoga sessions with a weekly call to remind them of their appointment
* Fill out a questionnaire on day 8 (6th yoga class)
* Fill out five questionnaires on the 15th (closing)
* Receive a possible assessment of the child's heartbeat at the 12 intervention sessions (will be randomly selected) with a heart rate variability monitor
* Receive an evaluation of the child's sweating at the first visit (orientation) and visit 15 (closing)
* Participate in a last visit to finish and offer additional information (day 15; closing)
* Participate in a telephone survey three months (day 16) after completing the study.

Control group participation will consist of:

* Fill a telephone survey to screen for inclusion and exclusion factors
* Fill out two questionnaires and informed consent at the first visit
* Fill out four questionnaires in the second meeting (day 2 of orientation)
* Fill out six questionnaires in the last meeting (day 15; closure)
* Receive a 30-45 minute video orientation and psychoeducation (where they will also receive an educational brochure) and a series of exercise recommendations for parent and children on day 2 (orientation)
* Receive 12 phone calls (once a week) to remind them to exercise and evaluate if they exercised the week before
* Receive an evaluation of the child's sweating at the first visit (orientation) and last visit (day 15; closure)
* Receive an evaluation of the child's heart rhythm at the first visit (orientation) and last visit (day 15; closure)
* Fill out a telephone survey (day 16; follow-up) three months after completing the study
* Receive a call at the end of the study to coordinate the Yoga sessions for parents and children once the intervention group has completed their participation.

Researchers will compare Yoga therapy to exercise to see if there is a change in disruptive behaviors and parent-child interactions.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

In the process of obtaining the 34 participants and their respective fathers/mothers, they will be randomly divided between the two possible groups (YogaTherapy or Psycho-Education). This will be done through the recruitment process as follows: the first child listed will go to the intervention group, the second to the waiting list, the third to the intervention, the fourth to the waiting list, and so on. The same will be done for the girls: the first to the intervention group, the second to the waiting list, etc.

The intervention group:

In the first face-to-face meeting, you will complete five questionnaires \[Your Child's Medical History, Disruptive Behavior Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parent Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Parenting\]. You will do a baseline assessment of your child's heartbeat and sweating. Once the intervention sessions begin, they will participate in 12 sessions, each approximately 30 to 45 minutes long, which will occur once a week (on Saturdays) in a room in the School of Health Professions building at the Medical Sciences Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Later on, you will be told the room and the floor where you are staying and where you will receive the intervention: it will always be the same day, at the same time.

* In 12 sessions, the child's heart rate will be evaluated with a monitor that will be placed on his ear (this measurement will only be done to one child out of the possible five who will be taking his session. It will be determined randomly which child will receive an evaluation of your heart rhythm)
* In 4 sessions, you will complete the DBRS questionnaire (disruptive behavior scale - Spanish version).
* In the first session, you will fill out five questionnaires \[Your Child's Medical History, Disruptive Behaviors Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parenting Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Parenting\] and assess your child's heart rate and sweating
* In the last session, you will complete five questionnaires \[Disruptive Behavior Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parent Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Competence as a Parent, Assessment of Therapy Offered\] and assess your heart rate and your child's sweating one last time. Sweating will be measured with a machine where a Velcro ring will be placed on the ring finger of your non-right hand.
* You must wear a mask at all times. All staff will be wearing a mask at all times. Products will be disinfected with chlorine before and after each session.

Your total participation in the study (in the intervention group) will consist of 3 face-to-face months (one Saturday a week) up to a total of 6 months and 3 weeks if we include orientation day, closing day, and the call at 3 months after completing the study.

The control group:

* In the first face-to-face meeting, you will fill out six questionnaires \[Your Child's Medical History, Disruptive Behaviors Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parenting Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Competence as a Parent, Evaluation of therapy offered\] and a baseline assessment of your child's heartbeat and sweating will be done.
* In 3 sessions, you will complete the DBRS questionnaire (disruptive behavior scale - Spanish version).
* In the first session, you will fill out five questionnaires \[Your Child's Medical History, Disruptive Behaviors Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parenting Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Parenting\] and assess your child's heart rate and sweating
* In the last session, you will fill out five questionnaires \[Disruptive Behavior Scale, Parenting Questionnaire-Preschool Edition, Parent Stress Index-Short Version, Sense of Competence as a Parent, Assessment of Therapy Offered\], and we will assess your heart rate and your child's sweating one last time. Sweating will be measured with a machine where a Velcro ring will be placed on the ring finger of your non-right hand.

Their total participation in the study (in the waiting list group) consists of 3 face-to-face weeks - for the screening day, orientation day, and closing day up to a total of 6 months, considering the call 3 months after finishing the study.

This is an experimental study where the Yoga intervention will be compared with the waiting list (control group), and Yoga Therapy will be compared to Psychoeducation. To participate in our study, you have to give permission to videotape the sessions. Each session will be recorded with video to improve the intervention, to be able to transcribe the ideas expressed (anonymously), control the quality of each intervention and ensure the fidelity of the instructors to the manual; each recording will be labeled with your identifier code, without any personal information that can identify you or your child. Once the investigation is completed, the recordings will be kept for five years at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Fear and Anxiety (CETMA) under the custody of Dr. Karen Martínez in office 236 of the Health Professions Studies Building at the Medical Sciences Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Electronic and paper data will be stored in the mentioned office for five years. Electronic data will be erased after five years, and the hard drive will be formatted after erasing the data. Data on paper is shredded.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

This is a Pilot efficacy, randomized intervention, wait-list controlled clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of Yoga Therapy for Latino Preschool children aged 4 to 6 years old with ODD. This design makes it comparable to the pilot efficacy study done in the same age and diagnostic group by Dr. Matos, which evaluated PCIT efficacy. We will recruit participants by flyers to obtain 34 patients and 68 parents; after confirming ODD trait with DBRS, they will be randomized to intervention and wait-list control groups. Randomization will be performed in a 3:2 ratio (Yoga-Therapy: Wait-List; 21:13). Flyers, newspapers, radio, and television ads will recruit participants.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Yoga Therapy

Participation will consist of 1) a telephone survey to screen for exclusion factors; 2) filling out two questionnaires and consent at the first visit; 3) filling out four questionnaires on orientation day (day 2); 4) receiving an orientation for you and your child and receive an educational pamphlet on the 2nd and 15th (closing); 5) participate in the 12 Yoga sessions with your child (Saturdays) with a weekly call to remind you of your appointment; 6) fill out a questionnaire on day 8 (6th yoga class); 7) fill out five questionnaires on the 15th (closing); 8) a possible assessment of your child's heartbeat at the 12 intervention sessions (will be randomly selected); 9) an evaluation of your child's sweating at the first visit (orientation) and at visit 15 (closing); 10) a last visit to finish and offer additional information (day 15; closing); 11) a telephone survey three months (day 16) after completing the study.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Yoga Therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

The intervention sessions will consist of 12 yoga therapy sessions, each one approximately 30 to 45 minutes long, it will be given once a week (on Saturdays) in a room in the building of the School of Health Professions in the Campus of Medical Sciences from the University of Puerto Rico.

Wait-List with Exercise

Participation consists of 1) a telephone survey to screen for exclusion factors; 2) filling out two questionnaires and informed consent at the first visit; 3) filling out four questionnaires in the second meeting (day 2 of orientation); 4) filling out six questionnaires in the last meeting (day 15; closure); 4) receive a 30-45 minute video orientation and psychoeducation (where you will also receive an educational brochure) and a series of exercise recommendations for you and your child on day 2 (orientation); 5) 12 phone calls (once a week); 6) an evaluation of your child's sweating at the first visit (orientation) and last visit (day 15; closure); 7) an evaluation of your child's heart rhythm at the first visit (orientation) and last visit (day 15; closure); 8) a telephone survey (day 16; follow-up) 3 months after completing the study; 9) a call at the end of the study to coordinate the Yoga sessions for you and your child once the first group has finished.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

The wait-list control group will be motivated to exercise at home (except for Yoga).

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Yoga Therapy

The intervention sessions will consist of 12 yoga therapy sessions, each one approximately 30 to 45 minutes long, it will be given once a week (on Saturdays) in a room in the building of the School of Health Professions in the Campus of Medical Sciences from the University of Puerto Rico.

Intervention Type OTHER

Exercise

The wait-list control group will be motivated to exercise at home (except for Yoga).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* The child is between the ages of 4 to 6 years
* The child has oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) traits
* The child is not under pharmacological treatment for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Exclusion Criteria

* The child has speech or hearing problems
* The child has a history of developmental disorders (severe)
* The child is using pharmacotherapy - psychoactive medications
* Parents are not willing to put psychological treatments on hold while they are in this study
* The child is or has received training in yoga
* The parents, legal guardians, or the person in charge have problematic use of substances.
* There is a history of mental or physical abuse in the home \[If identified, the referral protocol will be activated\]
* The child is less than four years old or older than six years old
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

6 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

American Psychiatric Association

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Puerto Rico

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Karen G Martínez, MD, MSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Puerto Rico Department of Psychiatry

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus

San Juan, PR, Puerto Rico

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Puerto Rico

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Karen G Martínez-González, MD, MSc

Role: CONTACT

7877582525 ext. 1923

Alisha M Subervi-Vázquez

Role: CONTACT

7873634627

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Alisha M Subervi-Vázquez, MD, MSc, MPH

Role: primary

7873634627

Karen G Martínez, MD, MSc

Role: backup

7877582525 ext. 1923

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Stormshak EA, Bierman KL, McMahon RJ, Lengua LJ. Parenting practices and child disruptive behavior problems in early elementary school. Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. J Clin Child Psychol. 2000 Mar;29(1):17-29. doi: 10.1207/S15374424jccp2901_3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10693029 (View on PubMed)

Canino G, Shrout PE, Rubio-Stipec M, Bird HR, Bravo M, Ramirez R, Chavez L, Alegria M, Bauermeister JJ, Hohmann A, Ribera J, Garcia P, Martinez-Taboas A. The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: prevalence, correlates, service use, and the effects of impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;61(1):85-93. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.85.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14706947 (View on PubMed)

Steiner H, Remsing L; Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;46(1):126-141. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17195736 (View on PubMed)

Matos M, Bauermeister JJ, Bernal G. Parent-child interaction therapy for Puerto Rican preschool children with ADHD and behavior problems: a pilot efficacy study. Fam Process. 2009 Jun;48(2):232-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01279.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19579907 (View on PubMed)

Tyagi A, Cohen M. Yoga and heart rate variability: A comprehensive review of the literature. Int J Yoga. 2016 Jul-Dec;9(2):97-113. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.183712.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27512317 (View on PubMed)

Herbert A, Esparham A. Mind-Body Therapy for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Children (Basel). 2017 Apr 25;4(5):31. doi: 10.3390/children4050031.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28441363 (View on PubMed)

Schoorl J, Van Rijn S, De Wied M, Van Goozen SH, Swaab H. Variability in emotional/behavioral problems in boys with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder: the role of arousal. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;25(8):821-30. doi: 10.1007/s00787-015-0790-5. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26608403 (View on PubMed)

Bauermeister JJ, Puente A, Martinez JV, Cumba E, Scandar RO, Bauermeister JA. Parent perceived impact of Spaniard boys' and girls' inattention, hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant behaviors on family life. J Atten Disord. 2010 Nov;14(3):247-55. doi: 10.1177/1087054709347180. Epub 2009 Sep 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19767594 (View on PubMed)

Harvey EA, Youngwirth SD, Thakar DA, Errazuriz PA. Predicting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder from preschool diagnostic assessments. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Apr;77(2):349-54. doi: 10.1037/a0014638.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19309194 (View on PubMed)

Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Stein MA, Loney J, Trapani C, Nugent K, Kipp H, Schmidt E, Lee S, Cale M, Gold E, Hartung CM, Willcutt E, Baumann B. Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for younger children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;37(7):695-702. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199807000-00008.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9666624 (View on PubMed)

Loeber R, Burke JD, Lahey BB, Winters A, Zera M. Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;39(12):1468-84. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11128323 (View on PubMed)

Canino G, Polanczyk G, Bauermeister JJ, Rohde LA, Frick PJ. Does the prevalence of CD and ODD vary across cultures? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010 Jul;45(7):695-704. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0242-y. Epub 2010 Jun 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20532864 (View on PubMed)

Speltz ML, McClellan J, DeKlyen M, Jones K. Preschool boys with oppositional defiant disorder: clinical presentation and diagnostic change. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;38(7):838-45. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199907000-00013.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10405501 (View on PubMed)

Burke JD, Waldman I, Lahey BB. Predictive validity of childhood oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: implications for the DSM-V. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010 Nov;119(4):739-51. doi: 10.1037/a0019708.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20853919 (View on PubMed)

Jensen PS, Kenny DT. The effects of yoga on the attention and behavior of boys with Attention-Deficit/ hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). J Atten Disord. 2004 May;7(4):205-16. doi: 10.1177/108705470400700403.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15487477 (View on PubMed)

Hagen I, Nayar US. Yoga for Children and Young People's Mental Health and Well-Being: Research Review and Reflections on the Mental Health Potentials of Yoga. Front Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 2;5:35. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00035. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24765080 (View on PubMed)

Whitmore EA, Mikulich SK, Thompson LL, Riggs PD, Aarons GA, Crowley TJ. Influences on adolescent substance dependence: conduct disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and gender. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997 Aug 25;47(2):87-97. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00074-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9298330 (View on PubMed)

Windle M. A longitudinal study of antisocial behaviors in early adolescence as predictors of late adolescent substance use: gender and ethnic group differences. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990 Feb;99(1):86-91. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.99.1.86.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 2307771 (View on PubMed)

Matos M, Torres R, Santiago R, Jurado M, Rodriguez I. Adaptation of parent-child interaction therapy for Puerto Rican families: a preliminary study. Fam Process. 2006 Jun;45(2):205-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00091.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16768019 (View on PubMed)

Park CL, Groessl E, Maiya M, Sarkin A, Eisen SV, Riley K, Elwy AR. Comparison groups in yoga research: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the literature. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Oct;22(5):920-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.08.008. Epub 2014 Sep 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25440384 (View on PubMed)

Luu K, Hall PA. Hatha Yoga and Executive Function: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med. 2016 Feb;22(2):125-33. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0091. Epub 2015 Sep 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26398441 (View on PubMed)

Clerkin SM, Marks DJ, Policaro KL, Halperin JM. Psychometric properties of the Alabama parenting questionnaire-preschool revision. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2007 Mar;36(1):19-28. doi: 10.1080/15374410709336565.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17206878 (View on PubMed)

Barroso NE, Hungerford GM, Garcia D, Graziano PA, Bagner DM. Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a high-risk sample of mothers and their infants. Psychol Assess. 2016 Oct;28(10):1331-1335. doi: 10.1037/pas0000257. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26595220 (View on PubMed)

Cunningham CE, Boyle MH. Preschoolers at risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: family, parenting, and behavioral correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2002 Dec;30(6):555-69. doi: 10.1023/a:1020855429085.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12481971 (View on PubMed)

Kempes M, Matthys W, de Vries H, van Engeland H. Reactive and proactive aggression in children--a review of theory, findings and the relevance for child and adolescent psychiatry. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;14(1):11-9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-005-0432-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15756511 (View on PubMed)

Martinez KG, Franco-Chaves JA, Milad MR, Quirk GJ. Ethnic differences in physiological responses to fear conditioned stimuli. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 12;9(12):e114977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114977. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25501365 (View on PubMed)

Milad MR, Wright CI, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Quirk GJ, Rauch SL. Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Sep 1;62(5):446-54. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.011. Epub 2007 Jan 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17217927 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://psych-parentinglab.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2018/02/PSOC-Johnston-and-Mash.pdf

Johnston, C., \& Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of clinical child psychology, 18(2), 167-175

https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/PR

QuickFacts. (n.d.). Retrieved January, 2018, from

https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/docs/resource_centers/odd/odd_resource_center_odd_guide.pdf

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, all rights reseved. (2009). ODD A Guide for Families by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved 2018, from

https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31378/1/yoga-and-the-therapy-of-children-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-2157-7595.1000168.pdf

Lange, K.M., Maluska-Gertruda, E., Hauser, J., Reissma, A., Kauzinger, I., Tucha, L., … \& Lange, K.W. (2014). Yoga and the therapy of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Yoga \& Physical Therapy, 4(3), 1000168.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8485d42325546c5fc46e2bb1e94130233fb81dc4#page=157

Hinshaw, S.P., \& Lee, S.S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E.J. Mash \& R.A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (3rd ed, pp. 144-198). New York: Guilford Press.

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=10621024&AN=96324836&h=mdQfC4%2FIzXPCjuK6ZdLpTglP4PqgCkMPUXbdxmMcYoPaBoXq8EK6L2nPQIJFmT3Z6LDoFUKX%2BglxuuBg14Cmig%3D%3D&crl=f

Psychometric properties of the Alabama parenting questionnaire-preschool revision (APQ-Pr) in 3 year-old Spanish preschoolers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(5)

https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/284/28430082014.pdf

Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Franceschi Rivera, N., Sella Nieves, Z., \& Félix Fermín, J. (2013). Parenting in Puerto Rican families: Mothers and father's self-reported practices. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 47(2).

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2290034907

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

ADHD Treatment for Latino Families
NCT02317692 COMPLETED NA
Opt-In Early Pilot Study
NCT06908187 NOT_YET_RECRUITING NA
Task-Based Grounding Program
NCT04648553 COMPLETED PHASE1