Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy With Autism Spectrum Disorder

NCT ID: NCT02088905

Last Updated: 2019-03-22

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 25 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2014-04-30
• Study Completion Date: 2016-07-31

Brief Summary

The aim of the current proposal is to determine if the PCIT treatment manual can be successfully utilized for preschoolers with ASD and disruptive behavior (across a range of intellectual functioning levels) and to evaluate its ability to significantly decrease measures of problem behavior. It is hypothesized that the current manual will require few modifications for use with ASD and that, in comparison to a wait-list control group, families who undergo PCIT training will evidence significant gains on measures of parenting stress, child externalizing behaviors and compliance to parental requests. To address the pilot study aims, we will recruit a total of 25 families of children with ASD (ages 2.6-6.11 years) whose children are already receiving intensive, one-on-one behavioral treatment services (15-30 hours per week) but no structured parent training. Families will be randomized to either intensive services + PCIT or intensive services alone (wait list control). Assessments will be completed at baseline, mid-treatment (9 weeks post baseline), post-treatment (18 weeks after the baseline assessment) and long-term follow-up (12 weeks post-treatment). PCIT families will attend 16 weekly, one-hour coaching sessions. Both active treatment and wait-list control families will continue to receive intensive ABA services in the home or community. Control families will receive PCIT training after 18 weeks on the "wait-list." The aims of the pilot study are:

1. To assess the utility of the current PCIT treatment manual with preschoolers with ASD and disruptive behavior and their parents;

Hypothesis 1: The current PCIT treatment manual will be able to be utilized with families of children with ASD with only minimal modifications.

Hypothesis 2: Families of children with ASD will consistently attend PCIT sessions.

2. To determine if PCIT with this population will result in an increase in appropriate parent behaviors and a subsequent decrease in targeted child behaviors (e.g., direct assessment of noncompliance, behavior rating scales).

Hypothesis 3: Families receiving PCIT training will evidence statistically greater decreases on measures of disruptive behavior, quality of parent-child interactions and parental stress than families on the wait-list control group.

Detailed Description

Young children with ASD often present with a range of externalizing behavior problems, including aggression, tantrums and difficulty transitioning. Interventions based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) have been shown to offer an effective means of addressing many of these concerns. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a manualized, empirically supported parent coaching intervention that has been found to be highly effective for typically developing preschoolers presenting with a range of mental health concerns. It also holds considerable promise as a potentially effective treatment for children with ASD. The focus of PCIT treatment is to both improve parent-child interactions and to reduce child behavior problems. PCIT involves the coaching of parents in real-time, via a one-way mirror and a "bug-in-the ear" device that allows the therapist to provide feedback and directions to the parent while interacting with his/her child. The aim of the current proposal is to determine if the PCIT treatment manual can be successfully utilized for preschoolers with ASD and to evaluate its ability to significantly decrease measures of problem behavior. It is hypothesized that the current manual will require few modifications for use with ASD and that, in comparison to a wait-list control group, families who undergo PCIT training will evidence significant gains on measures of parenting stress, child externalizing behaviors and compliance to parental requests. To address the pilot study aims, we will recruit a total of 25 families of children with ASD (ages 2.6-6 years) whose children are already receiving intensive, one-on-one behavioral treatment services (15-30 hours per week). Families will be randomized to either intensive services + PCIT or intensive services alone (wait list control). Assessments will be completed at baseline, mid-treatment (9 weeks post baseline) and post-treatment (18 weeks after the baseline assessment). PCIT families will attend 20 weekly, one-hour coaching sessions. Both active treatment and wait-list control families will continue to receive intensive ABA services in the home or community. The results of this study will provide pilot data in a subsequent application for federal funding to conduct larger controlled trials, including examining the use of PCIT in school-age children with ASD and intellectual disability and to assess the individual and combined efficacy of PCIT and psychopharmacological treatment.

Conditions

Noncompliance

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Parent Child Interaction Therapy

Families will either receive Parent Child Interaction Therapy or be placed on a wait-list control group

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Parent Child Interaction Therapy

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a research-supported parent coaching intervention that has been found to be highly effective among typically developing preschoolers presenting with a range of mental health concerns, especially defiance and noncompliance.6 PCIT holds considerable promise as a potentially effective treatment for children with ASD because it directly addresses the behaviors parents of children with ASD report to be most problematic for them - defiance, stubbornness, and temper tantrums. PCIT is theoretically consistent with other approaches that have shown promise in treating ASD (i.e., behaviorally-based); however, PCIT is unique in that it incorporates a socially-based initial phase which may have some unique benefits for children with ASD.

Wait list control

Families will wait 18 weeks for treatment, serving as controls.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Parent Child Interaction Therapy

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a research-supported parent coaching intervention that has been found to be highly effective among typically developing preschoolers presenting with a range of mental health concerns, especially defiance and noncompliance.6 PCIT holds considerable promise as a potentially effective treatment for children with ASD because it directly addresses the behaviors parents of children with ASD report to be most problematic for them - defiance, stubbornness, and temper tantrums. PCIT is theoretically consistent with other approaches that have shown promise in treating ASD (i.e., behaviorally-based); however, PCIT is unique in that it incorporates a socially-based initial phase which may have some unique benefits for children with ASD.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

i. Outpatients between 2 years, 6 months and 6 years, 11 months of age; ii. Diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, or Asperger's Disorder based upon the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and clinical evaluation by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria; iii. Males and females; iv. Mental Age>30 months based upon the Stanford-Binet V or Mullens [to insure that the child possesses enough expressive language to offer opportunities for the parent to learn "verbal reflection" skills and that child is able to understand time out]; v. Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory score greater than or equal to 120; vi. Behavior Assessment System for Children Externalizing Problem Scale T-score >65; vii. Care provider who can reliably bring subject to clinic visits, can attend weekly PCIT sessions, can provide trustworthy ratings and interact with subject on a regular basis.

Exclusion Criteria

i. Unstable use of psychotropic medications (no changes in dose for at least two months and no plans to change dose during the course of the study); ii. Unstable use of dietary supplements (e.g., casein-gluten free diet)(no changes in supplement dose for at least two months and no plans to change douse during the course of the study); iii. Prior involvement in PCIT or currently receiving parent training. iv. Extremely severe behavioral concerns that require immediate treatment

• Minimum Eligible Age: 30 Months
• Maximum Eligible Age: 83 Months
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Autism Speaks

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Pittsburgh

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Benjamin L Handen, PhD, BCBA-D

Assoicate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Benjamin L Handen, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pittsburgh

Locations

Merck Child Outpatient Clinic

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

PRO023120445

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

0031588

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id