Study Results
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Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
51 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-10-01
2024-12-01
Brief Summary
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• Do individuals who participate in an ABM intervention have a greater reduction in attention bias towards negative information and depressive symptoms when compared to a control group? Participants will be asked to participate in 3 days of brief mindfulness training exercises preceding an ABM intervention session that lasts 1.5 to 2 hours while wearing electroencephalography (EEG) equipment.
Researchers will compare the ABM intervention group to a "sham" intervention group to see if the ABM intervention reduces negative attention bias above and beyond brief mindfulness training.
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Detailed Description
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The mindfulness activities used for this study were developed for individuals with depression symptoms. The initial activity will consist of introduction to mindfulness with a brief breathing activity developed specifically for individuals suffering from depression symptoms. Participants will complete the first mindfulness activity 2 days prior to their ABM session, the second activity the day before, and refresher activity immediately preceding their ABM intervention. During the ABM intervention session, participants will complete a pre- and post-intervention dot-probe task (DPT) to assess for the presence of attention bias before and after the intervention. The pre- and post-tasks will consist of trials displaying a fixation cross for 500 ms followed by two faces (happy or sad displayed with neutral) on the left and right side of visual space for 2000 ms. These images are selected from the racially diverse affective expression (RADIATE) face stimulus set and randomized. Once the faces are displayed, after a probe, single asterisk or double asterisks will appear in the same location as one of the faces. Probes will replace an emotional or neutral face with equal frequency. Participants will respond to the probe by indicating the number of asterisks they saw using a designated key. The task will consist of 192 trials (two blocks of 96 trials) with 12 pairs of sad and neutral images and 12 pairs of happy and neutral images randomly presented eight times. Stimuli used in pre- and post-tasks are different from stimuli used during training. Emotional stimuli will be matched on valence and arousal in the two task sets. ABM intervention consists of paired positive and negative images and faces. Twenty-two images are presented in nine blocks for a total of 198 trials. A fixation cross is presented in the middle of the screen for 1,500 ms followed by a positive and negative image pair for 4,000 ms. Each type of stimulus will appear with equal probability and pairings are randomized. For the experimental group, probes single or double asterisks will follow the positive stimulus 100% of the time. For the control group, the probe will follow the positive stimulus 50% of the time. Participants will indicate how many asterisks they saw using the indicated key. Participants will be offered breaks after every two blocks to reduce fatigue.
It is expected that individuals who participated in the ABM intervention will demonstrate a more prominent decrease in a negative AB and reduction of depression symptoms when compared to the "sham" group. Outcome measures of this project include reaction time data from ABM intervention task, ERP data from EEG data, and self-report data collected at the beginning and end of the study. Self-report measures used to assess for depression symptoms include the MASQ and Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 a criteria-based measure used to help diagnose depressive disorders. It was found to be a reliable and valid measure of depression severity and includes a specific item about trouble concentrating. A 4-week follow-up survey with the PHQ-9 will also be sent to participants to assess for any symptom changes at that time. Reaction time (RT) will be used to assess attention bias with faster RT to probes following stimuli with emotion interpreted as attention bias towards that emotion. ERP measures are considered objective; measuring the time course of attention and are expected to support decreased AB towards negative information.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Experimental Group
This is group that will receive the attention bias modification intervention that is programmed to train attention to positive stimuli 100% of the time. Both groups will receive the preceding 3-day brief mindfulness training.
Attention Bias Modification (ABM) for depression
Both groups will be asked to engage in mindfulness activities but only one group will receive the train-positive ABM task. The control group will receive a "sham" task that is not programmed to train attention towards positive stimuli.
Placebo/Control Group
This is group that will receive the "sham" attention bias modification intervention that is programmed to train attention to positive stimuli 50% of the time. Both groups will receive the preceding 3-day brief mindfulness training.
Sham Attention Bias Modification (ABM)
The sham intervention will be given to the control group (but they will still receive mindfulness exercises).
Interventions
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Attention Bias Modification (ABM) for depression
Both groups will be asked to engage in mindfulness activities but only one group will receive the train-positive ABM task. The control group will receive a "sham" task that is not programmed to train attention towards positive stimuli.
Sham Attention Bias Modification (ABM)
The sham intervention will be given to the control group (but they will still receive mindfulness exercises).
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Report of mild-to-moderate levels of depression symptoms.
* Must be able to read and understand English.
Exclusion Criteria
* Diagnosed with ADHD.
* Diagnosed with dyslexia.
* Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
* Diagnosed with a seizure disorder/epilepsy.
* History of a traumatic brain injury.
* Currently pregnant.
* Unable to read and understand English.
* Difficulty seeing and hearing instructions on a computer.
* Endorsement of current substance abuse problem.
* Having a history of electro-shock therapy.
* Reporting having a medication change in the previous 3-months.
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Psi Chi
OTHER
Sarah Sass, PhD
UNKNOWN
University of Texas at Tyler
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Bridget Kennedy
Doctoral Research Assistant
Principal Investigators
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Bridget R. Kennedy
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
UT Tyler
Locations
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The University of Texas at Tyler
Tyler, Texas, United States
Countries
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References
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Beevers CG, Clasen PC, Enock PM, Schnyer DM. Attention bias modification for major depressive disorder: Effects on attention bias, resting state connectivity, and symptom change. J Abnorm Psychol. 2015 Aug;124(3):463-75. doi: 10.1037/abn0000049.
Bredemeier K, Spielberg JM, Silton RL, Berenbaum H, Heller W, Miller GA. Screening for depressive disorders using the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire Anhedonic Depression Scale: a receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Psychol Assess. 2010 Sep;22(3):702-10. doi: 10.1037/a0019915.
Bo R, Kraft B, Jonassen R, Harmer CJ, Hilland E, Stiles TC, Haaland VO, Aspesletten MEB, Sletvold H, Landro NI. Symptom severity moderates the outcome of attention bias modification for depression: An exploratory study. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Jun;138:528-534. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.027. Epub 2021 May 5.
Conley MI, Dellarco DV, Rubien-Thomas E, Cohen AO, Cervera A, Tottenham N, Casey BJ. The racially diverse affective expression (RADIATE) face stimulus set. Psychiatry Res. 2018 Dec;270:1059-1067. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.066. Epub 2018 May 19.
Creswell JD. Mindfulness Interventions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2017 Jan 3;68:491-516. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Farb NA, Anderson AK, Segal ZV. The mindful brain and emotion regulation in mood disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 2012 Feb;57(2):70-7. doi: 10.1177/070674371205700203.
Fodor LA, Georgescu R, Cuijpers P, Szamoskozi S, David D, Furukawa TA, Cristea IA. Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;7(6):506-514. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30130-9. Epub 2020 May 20.
Jones EB, Sharpe L. Cognitive bias modification: A review of meta-analyses. J Affect Disord. 2017 Dec 1;223:175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.034. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
Mennen AC, Norman KA, Turk-Browne NB. Attentional bias in depression: understanding mechanisms to improve training and treatment. Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Oct;29:266-273. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.036. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression, 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Schumer MC, Lindsay EK, Creswell JD. Brief mindfulness training for negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Jul;86(7):569-583. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000324.
Watson D, Clark LA, Weber K, Assenheimer JS, Strauss ME, McCormick RA. Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995 Feb;104(1):15-25. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.104.1.15.
Altman EG, Hedeker D, Peterson JL, Davis JM. The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Nov 15;42(10):948-55. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00548-3.
Other Identifiers
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IRB-FY2021-51
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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