Effect of Brief Mindfulness and Relaxation Inductions on Anxiety, Affect and Brain Activation in Athletes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

35 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-07-14

Study Completion Date

2021-03-19

Brief Summary

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The athlete population has a high risk of suffering from mental health problems (e.g., anxiety), especially for athletes with individual sports. As such, various forms of mental training were used to maintain the mental health of athletes, such as mindfulness training or relaxation training. However, differences pertaining to the electrophysiological mechanisms resulting from both mental training in athletes are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the differential effects between the brief mindfulness induction (MI) and relaxation induction (RI) on state anxiety, affect and the activation of the brain in track and field athletes.

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Detailed Description

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The purposes of this study are: (1) examining the effect of brief mindfulness induction (MI) and relaxation induction (RI) on anxiety and affect in athletes with individual sports, (2) and we sought to identify the different brain activity (i.e., theta, alpha) changes between MI and RI using EEG. In the present study, subjects were contrasted using a within-subject comparison across MI, RI, and control condition. According to past works on the comparison of mindfulness and psychological skill training, we hypothesized that MI and RI would both improve anxiety and affect, compared with control condition. Furthermore, we also hypothesized that RI would elicit greater theta power (i.e., more cognitive control) than MI. In addition, when compared with control condition, participants might be elicited greater alpha power during the MI and RI.

Conditions

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State Anxiety Affect Electroencephalography

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

In a counterbalanced order, participants completed three conditions that incorporated two 30-minute experimental conditions (i.e., MI or RI) and a control condition (i.e., opened thinking)

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Mindfulness Induction

A brief and single session of mindfulness practice for 30-minute.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness induction (MI)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In the MI condition, participants were guided to focus on present experiences regarding the thoughts, emotions and sensations through the three classic mindfulness exercises (i.e., focused breathing, meditation, and body scanning). The duration of MI was 30-minutes.

Relaxation Induction

A brief and single session of self-directed relaxation for 30-minute.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Relaxation (RI)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In the RI condition, participants were guided to relax each muscle group following the audio for 30-minutes.

Control Condition

Open thinking.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Mindfulness induction (MI)

In the MI condition, participants were guided to focus on present experiences regarding the thoughts, emotions and sensations through the three classic mindfulness exercises (i.e., focused breathing, meditation, and body scanning). The duration of MI was 30-minutes.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Relaxation (RI)

In the RI condition, participants were guided to relax each muscle group following the audio for 30-minutes.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. track and field athletes with regular training
2. right-handedness
3. no history of neurological illness
4. no regular training experience in mindfulness or relaxation interventions