Advanced Care Planning for the Severely Ill Home-dwelling Elderly

NCT ID: NCT05681585

Last Updated: 2025-04-06

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2000 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-10-18

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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This study will develop and evaluate a complex intervention to implement advance care planning for severely ill home-dwelling elderly acutely admitted to hospital, by using a cluster randomized design.

Twelve Norwegian acute geriatric hospital units will participate in the main study, each as one cluster. Of the twelve clusters, half will receive implementation support and training immediately, and the other half will receive similar support after the intervention period. The study includes 1) assessment of implementation outcomes (fidelity) in the participating units,2) health service and clinical outcomes including a) questionnaires to all staff in the units before and after the implementation period, questionnaires to attending clinicians and qualitative interviews with health personnel and local unit leaders b) questionnaires to patients and their relatives, patients records and data from central health registers and qualitative interviews with patients and relatives. Furthermore we will assess barriers and facilitators for advance care planning in 1) a wider health service context, and 2) at the national, regional and municipal level, and do economic analyses.

Detailed Description

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Background:

Severely ill elderly patients and their relatives are often poorly involved in treatment and care decisions. Advance care planning is a well-documented tool to comply with the ethical and legal imperative to involve both the patient and their next of kin in the planning of current and future treatment and care. The overall aim of this project is to improve health services, user involvement and quality of life for severely ill elderly people living at home, and their relatives, in an efficient, sustainable and coordinated way, through better implementation of Advance care planning (ACP).

Setting: Twelve hospital wards providing care to acutely admitted elderly home-dwelling patients, either pure geriatric units or mixed units with specialists in geriatric medicine.

Research questions:

1. What is the current level of implementation of ACP for home-dwelling elderly patients with severe somatic disease in the participating clinical units?
2. What are the most important facilitators and barriers among all relevant stakeholders - to implementing ACP at the a) clinical, b) health care service- and c) national, regional and municipal level?
3. What are the most important moral dilemmas and conflicting interests related to ACP, and how can these be resolved?
4. What are the benefits and disadvantages with the implementation support and ACP experienced by the patients, among next of kin, health personnel and implementation teams?
5. Does the implementation support program - compared to no such support - improve a) the implementation of ACP (fidelity), b) quality of communication and decision-making for patients and relatives when approaching the end of life, and c) congruence between the patient's preferences for information and involvement and the attending clinician's perceptions of the same, and other relevant outcomes for patients, relatives, and the attending clinicians?
6. Is the implementation support program associated with changes in health personnel's perceptions, attitudes, self-efficacy, confidence in, and experiences in relation to information giving and involvement of patients and relatives?
7. Is higher level of implementation (fidelity) of ACP associated with improved outcomes for patients, relatives, the staff and the services?
8. Is the implementation support program for ACP a cost-effective intervention?

Hypotheses:

1. The current level of implementation of ACP for home-dwelling elderly patients with severe somatic disease in participating clinical units is low.
2. There are important facilitators for and barriers to implementing ACP among all stakeholders at the a) clinical, b) health care service- and c) national and other higher levels.
3. There are important moral dilemmas and conflicting interests related to ACP, and they can be dealt with through systematic approaches and ethics reflection.
4. Patients, among next of kin, health personnel and implementation teams experience both benefits and disadvantages with the implementation support and ACP.
5. The implementation support program - compared to no such support - will improve a) improve the implementation of ACP (fidelity), b) quality of communication and decision-making for patients and relatives when approaching the end of life, and c) congruence between the patient's preferences for information and involvement and the attending clinician's perceptions of the same, and other relevant outcomes for patients, relatives, and the attending clinicians.
6. The implementation support program is associated with changes in health personnel's perceptions, attitudes, self-efficacy, confidence in, and experiences in relation to information giving and involvement of patients and relatives
7. Higher level of implementation (fidelity) of ACP is associated with improved outcomes for patients, relatives, the staff and the services
8. Outcomes for patients, relatives and the public health- and welfare services justify the costs of the implementation support program and of ACP in routine care.

Conditions

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Advance Care Planning

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study is a cluster RCT, with a complex intervention containing implementation interventions and strategies, and a clinical intervention (ACP). Twelve clusters were recruited and stratified into two strata according to number of beds and randomized to intervention or control arms (allocation ratio of 1:1). The six hospital units in the intervention arm will receive a comprehensive implementation support program, whereas the control units receive no support in the intervention period.

A similar number of patients, relatives and attending clinician will be recruited from both arms in triads for the quantitative sub-study. Data for each patient will be supplemented by health record and register data. Patients, relatives, staff and implementation teams will be recruited from the intervention units to qualitative interviews. All health personnel in the participating units will be recruited to answer a questionnaire twice. We will also interview key stakeholders in a wider context.
Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

No masking Patients and next-of-kin will not be informed about the hospital unit's allocation status. However, they may deduce this from the kind of intervention they receive. It's impossible to blind the care providers and for practical reasons we won't be able to blind the investigators or the outcomes assessors.

Study Groups

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Intervention arm

Clusters (medical/geriatric hospital units) in the intervention arm receives a comprehensive implementation support program during the trial period.

Group Type OTHER

Implementation support program

Intervention Type OTHER

The intervention consists of:

I Implementation strategies:

1.1 Ensuring leadership commitment 1.2 Responsive evaluation 1.3 Whole ward approach 1.4 Train the trainer model 1.5 Sustainability after the study

II Implementation interventions 2.1 Implementation team 2.2 ACP coordinator 2.3 Training and supervision: Kick-off, training of resource persons and health care personnel including practical exercises, network conferences 2.4 Toolkit and shared resources: ACP guideline, teaching material, information leaflets, documentation templates etc. 2.5 Structured fidelity measurements of the implementation level of a) the implementation interventions and b) the clinical intervention, with tailored feedback and supervision

III Clinical intervention: Advance Care Planning 3.1 Routine information and invitation to Advance Care Planning to all eligible patients 3.2 Written information to patients and relatives 3.3 Documentation and collaboration with other health care levels

Control arm

Clusters (medical/geriatric hospital units) in the control arm receives no implementation support program during the trial period.

These units will receive the implementation support program after the trial period.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Implementation support program

The intervention consists of:

I Implementation strategies:

1.1 Ensuring leadership commitment 1.2 Responsive evaluation 1.3 Whole ward approach 1.4 Train the trainer model 1.5 Sustainability after the study

II Implementation interventions 2.1 Implementation team 2.2 ACP coordinator 2.3 Training and supervision: Kick-off, training of resource persons and health care personnel including practical exercises, network conferences 2.4 Toolkit and shared resources: ACP guideline, teaching material, information leaflets, documentation templates etc. 2.5 Structured fidelity measurements of the implementation level of a) the implementation interventions and b) the clinical intervention, with tailored feedback and supervision

III Clinical intervention: Advance Care Planning 3.1 Routine information and invitation to Advance Care Planning to all eligible patients 3.2 Written information to patients and relatives 3.3 Documentation and collaboration with other health care levels

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Home-dwelling
* 70 years or older
* Acutely admitted to the participating unit
* Sufficient language proficiency in Norwegian to answer the questionnaire
* Clinical frailty score of 4 or more
* The physician responsible for the patient's medical care answers "no" to "Surprise question" from Gold Standards Framework proactive identification guidance
* Both patient and a close relative (preferably the closest relative) would participate in ACP together if offered
* Both patient and the close relative consent to participate in the research project


* 18 years or older
* Sufficient language proficiency in Norwegian to answer the questionnaire
* Both patient and the close relative consent to participate in the research project

Exclusion Criteria

* The patient is not competent to consent to research participation
* The patient is expected to die within 24 hours
* The patient has participated in ACP prior to the current hospital admission
* In the intervention arm

* ACP is not conducted with patient, next of kin and physician before hospital discharge
* The clinician that participated in the ACP conversation has not consented to research participation
* In the control arm

* The patient would not have been able to participate in ACP during hospitalization
* An attending clinician has not consented to research participation


* The relative is not competent to consent to research participation
* In the intervention arm

* ACP is not carried out with the patient, next of kin and attending clinician before hospital discharge
* In the control arm

* The relative would not have been able to participate in ACP during hospitalization
Minimum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Oslo Metropolitan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The Research Council of Norway

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Helse Sor-Ost

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Sykehuset Innlandet HF

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Vestre Viken Hospital Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ostfold Hospital Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The Hospital of Vestfold

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Hospital of Southern Norway Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Hospital, Akershus

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Oslo University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Diakonhjemmet Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Oslo

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Reidar Pedersen

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Reidar Pedersen, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Professor, Centre for medical ethics, University of Oslo

Locations

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Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum

Oslo, Bærum kommune, Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital of Southern Norway, Arendal

Arendal, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen

Drammen, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum

Elverum, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik

Gjøvik, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg

Kongsberg, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand

Kristiansand, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Akershus University Hospital

Lørenskog, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Diakonhjemmet Hospital

Oslo, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Oslo University Hospital

Oslo, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Østfold Hospital Trust

Sarpsborg, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Vestfold Hospital Trust

Tønsberg, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Norway

Central Contacts

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Reidar Pedersen, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+47 41575987

Facility Contacts

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Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

Maria Romøren

Role: primary

References

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Detering KM, Hancock AD, Reade MC, Silvester W. The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010 Mar 23;340:c1345. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1345.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20332506 (View on PubMed)

Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Russo R, Goeree R, O'Brien BJ, Bedard M, Willan A, Watson J, Patterson C, Harrison C, Standish T, Strang D, Darzins PJ, Smith S, Dubois S. Systematic implementation of an advance directive program in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 Mar 15;283(11):1437-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.11.1437.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10732933 (View on PubMed)

Lund S, Richardson A, May C. Barriers to advance care planning at the end of life: an explanatory systematic review of implementation studies. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 13;10(2):e0116629. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116629. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25679395 (View on PubMed)

Rietjens JAC, Sudore RL, Connolly M, van Delden JJ, Drickamer MA, Droger M, van der Heide A, Heyland DK, Houttekier D, Janssen DJA, Orsi L, Payne S, Seymour J, Jox RJ, Korfage IJ; European Association for Palliative Care. Definition and recommendations for advance care planning: an international consensus supported by the European Association for Palliative Care. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Sep;18(9):e543-e551. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30582-X.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28884703 (View on PubMed)

Weathers E, O'Caoimh R, Cornally N, Fitzgerald C, Kearns T, Coffey A, Daly E, O'Sullivan R, McGlade C, Molloy DW. Advance care planning: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials conducted with older adults. Maturitas. 2016 Sep;91:101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27451328 (View on PubMed)

Brinkman-Stoppelenburg A, Rietjens JA, van der Heide A. The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review. Palliat Med. 2014 Sep;28(8):1000-25. doi: 10.1177/0269216314526272. Epub 2014 Mar 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24651708 (View on PubMed)

Bernacki RE, Block SD; American College of Physicians High Value Care Task Force. Communication about serious illness care goals: a review and synthesis of best practices. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Dec;174(12):1994-2003. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.5271.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25330167 (View on PubMed)

Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, Hovmand P, Aarons G, Bunger A, Griffey R, Hensley M. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2011 Mar;38(2):65-76. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0319-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20957426 (View on PubMed)

Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, Moore L, O'Cathain A, Tinati T, Wight D, Baird J. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2015 Mar 19;350:h1258. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1258.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25791983 (View on PubMed)

Romoren M, Hermansen KB, Saevareid TJL, Broderud L, Westbye SF, Wahl AK, Thoresen L, Rostoft S, Forde R, Ahmed M, Aas E, Midtbust MH, Pedersen R. Implementation of advance care planning in the routine care for acutely admitted patients in geriatric units: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Feb 19;24(1):220. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-10666-0.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38374100 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.goldstandardsframework.org.uk/advance-care-planning

Gold Standards Framework. Advance care planning 2019

Other Identifiers

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NSD 805491

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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