Scaling Well-Being for Educators During COVID-19

NCT ID: NCT05561933

Last Updated: 2025-05-09

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

829 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-10-21

Study Completion Date

2024-08-01

Brief Summary

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This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the four-week Healthy Minds Program (HMP) app Foundations training in employees of Jefferson County Public Schools (JCPS) in Louisville, KY. The study will enroll 1300 JCPS employees.

After completing the baseline assessment, participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention (i.e., the Healthy Minds Program App) or to a "Choice" control condition. HMP assigned participants will receive instructions and support in downloading and activating the app. Choice assigned participants will receive a list of resources that are focused on the science of well-being and happiness consisting of TED talk videos and books. 10 copies of each suggested book will be available for participants to check out. TED talk video links will be provided and are free to watch. Each week during the 4-week intervention period, participants in both conditions will complete the same weekly set of measures. Within two-weeks following the end of the intervention period, all participants will complete the post-test assessment. Approximately five to six months following post-test, participants will complete the follow-up assessment. In addition to study team collected data, the research team will receive from the district multiple years of student records (e.g., standardized assessments, attendance, disciplinary referrals) linked to teachers (teachers only, not other categories of employees who choose to participate).

The researchers predict that participants assigned to the intervention will demonstrate significantly reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms and significantly improved well-being after the intervention, and these improvements will persist at the follow-up (primary outcomes). It is hypothesized that baseline participant characteristics and early experience of the intervention will predict treatment adherence, study drop-out and outcomes, and that treatment engagement will moderate outcomes. In addition, the investigators predict that intervention period improvements on well-being skills assessed weekly will mediate long-term improvements on primary outcomes.

Detailed Description

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This study is a conceptual replication of COVID and the Healthy Minds for Educators (NCT04426318). It will test whether training in well-being practices, using the Healthy Minds Program (HMP) app, is beneficial for employees in Jefferson County Public Schools (JCPS) in Louisville, Kentucky. The goal is to extend the prior study by recruiting a larger and more diverse sample of participants and examining whether intervening at the staff level positively affects student outcomes.

The HMP app approaches cultivating well-being by training psychological skills with clear mechanistic hypotheses. There is no single definition of well-being, but consensus exists that positive functioning beyond the absence of detrimental mental health symptoms is central. Building on related "eudaimonic" frameworks of psychological flourishing that identify qualities like environmental mastery, positive relations with others, and personal growth, this program targets brain-based skills that underlie the active cultivation of such qualities (e.g., regulating attention, empathic care, mental flexibility), and thus offers straightforward hypotheses about mechanisms of change. The cultivation of such skills aligns with the World Health Organization's definition of mental health, as a state of well-being in which an individual can work productively, cope with the normal stresses of life, contribute to his or her community, and realize his or her own abilities. Viewing well-being as dynamic and skill-based, as opposed to static and set, brings new optimism to cultivating well-being across the lifespan.

The HMP app involves mental exercises that are integrated into daily life, with an approach that parallels the way physical exercise becomes a part of healthy living. A minority of the population is both free of mental illness and high in well-being. This group flourishes mentally and physically (e.g., fewest days of missed work, healthiest psychosocial functioning, lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, lowest health care utilization). Troubling mental health trends in the opposite direction, however, underscore the need for training that bolsters and sustains well-being. National survey data recently revealed that 75% of Americans are significantly impacted by stress (e.g., anxiety, sleeplessness, fatigue), a new high since the survey's inception in 2007. Social divisiveness is an alarming new theme in these reports (59% identified this as a cause of stress), especially given rising trends of social isolation in which people report far fewer trusted confidants (this isolation is even more pronounced now with "safer at home" orders). Whereas mental health interventions have traditionally focused on treating serious mental disorders, this program advocates training and practicing skills even when an individual is relatively healthy. In this framework, exercising these skill sets bolsters well-being and fosters future resilience during inevitable periods of stress and loss. This program offers an innovative public health approach to caring for the mind. By investigating the underlying mechanisms, the investigators will understand whether this potentially transformative approach is viable.

Conditions

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Anxiety Depression

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Random parallel assignment
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
The investigator and data analyst will not know condition assignment until after data analyses are complete.

Study Groups

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Choice Group

Participants assigned to the Choice group will receive a list of digital (i.e., links to TED talks) and hard-copy (i.e., books) resources that focus on the science of well-being and may support well-being. It is up to participants whether and to what extent they choose to engage with these resources. A study library with 10 copies of each recommended book will be accessible to participants should they wish to read any of the suggested books. After follow-up testing, Choice group participants will be provided free access to the HMP training.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Healthy Minds Program Foundations Training

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The HMP was developed by Healthy Minds Innovations at the UW Center for Healthy Minds, and is based on decades of research on well-being. The program is delivered through a smartphone application and consists of didactic ("learns") and experiential ("practice") components. Practice components involve contemplative practices such as mindfulness, loving-kindness, and gratitude practices. Each practice allows participants to choose duration (between 5-30 minutes). In addition to sitting style practices common in other meditation apps/programs, the HMP also provides instruction in active practices. Active practices engage the same skills as sitting practice, but focus on strengthening skills during daily routines. Learn components provide psycho-educational content about the science of well-being. HMP learns and practices are based on a four pillar model of well-being skills consisting of Awareness, Connection, Insight, and Purpose.

Healthy Minds Program (HMP) Group

Participants in the experimental arm will be assigned to the Healthy Minds Program Foundations training (HMP) which consists of 30-days of didactic and experiential content in a scientifically-derived model of well-being.

A second random assignment will occur among intervention participants in which participants will receive the standard Foundations training or the Foundations training plus once per day push notifications (i.e., a micro-interventions) that provide a very brief opportunity to practice with the HMP content of that day. HMP participants will not be made aware of this second assignment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Healthy Minds Program Foundations Training

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The HMP was developed by Healthy Minds Innovations at the UW Center for Healthy Minds, and is based on decades of research on well-being. The program is delivered through a smartphone application and consists of didactic ("learns") and experiential ("practice") components. Practice components involve contemplative practices such as mindfulness, loving-kindness, and gratitude practices. Each practice allows participants to choose duration (between 5-30 minutes). In addition to sitting style practices common in other meditation apps/programs, the HMP also provides instruction in active practices. Active practices engage the same skills as sitting practice, but focus on strengthening skills during daily routines. Learn components provide psycho-educational content about the science of well-being. HMP learns and practices are based on a four pillar model of well-being skills consisting of Awareness, Connection, Insight, and Purpose.

Interventions

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Healthy Minds Program Foundations Training

The HMP was developed by Healthy Minds Innovations at the UW Center for Healthy Minds, and is based on decades of research on well-being. The program is delivered through a smartphone application and consists of didactic ("learns") and experiential ("practice") components. Practice components involve contemplative practices such as mindfulness, loving-kindness, and gratitude practices. Each practice allows participants to choose duration (between 5-30 minutes). In addition to sitting style practices common in other meditation apps/programs, the HMP also provides instruction in active practices. Active practices engage the same skills as sitting practice, but focus on strengthening skills during daily routines. Learn components provide psycho-educational content about the science of well-being. HMP learns and practices are based on a four pillar model of well-being skills consisting of Awareness, Connection, Insight, and Purpose.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Ages 18 years old and up
* Employee of participating district/state
* Smartphone or device that can download apps from Google Play or the iTunes app store

Exclusion Criteria

* Individuals under 18 years old
* Significant meditation experience:

1. Meditation retreat experience (meditation retreat or yoga/body practice retreat with significant meditation component)
2. Regular meditation practice weekly for over 1 year OR daily practice within the previous 6 months
3. Previous use of the HMP app.
* PROMIS depression score greater than 70
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Wisconsin, Madison

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Matthew J Hirshberg

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UW-Madison

Locations

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Jefferson County Public Schools

Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Britton WB, Lindahl JR, Cooper DJ, Canby NK, Palitsky R. Defining and measuring meditation-related adverse effects in mindfulness-based programs. Clin Psychol Sci. 2021 May 18;9(6):1185-1204. doi: 10.1177/2167702621996340. Epub 2021 Nov 1.

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Brose, A., Raedt, R. D., & Vanderhasselt, M.-A. (2020). Eight items of the ruminative response scale are sufficient to measure weekly within-person variation in rumination. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00913-y

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Goldberg SB, Baldwin SA, Riordan KM, Torous J, Dahl CJ, Davidson RJ, Hirshberg MJ. Alliance With an Unguided Smartphone App: Validation of the Digital Working Alliance Inventory. Assessment. 2022 Sep;29(6):1331-1345. doi: 10.1177/10731911211015310. Epub 2021 May 18.

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PMID: 34000843 (View on PubMed)

Baer RA, Smith GT, Lykins E, Button D, Krietemeyer J, Sauer S, Walsh E, Duggan D, Williams JM. Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment. 2008 Sep;15(3):329-42. doi: 10.1177/1073191107313003. Epub 2008 Feb 29.

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PMID: 18310597 (View on PubMed)

Cyranowski JM, Zill N, Bode R, Butt Z, Kelly MA, Pilkonis PA, Salsman JM, Cella D. Assessing social support, companionship, and distress: National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales. Health Psychol. 2013 Mar;32(3):293-301. doi: 10.1037/a0028586.

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Reference Type BACKGROUND

International Wellbeing Group (2013). Personal Wellbeing Index: 5th Edition. Melbourne: Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University

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Goldberg SB, Imhoff-Smith T, Bolt DM, Wilson-Mendenhall CD, Dahl CJ, Davidson RJ, Rosenkranz MA. Testing the Efficacy of a Multicomponent, Self-Guided, Smartphone-Based Meditation App: Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2020 Nov 27;7(11):e23825. doi: 10.2196/23825.

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Other Identifiers

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IRB Approval Date: 08/16/2022

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

A483000

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2022-0313

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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