Snack Foods and Their Impact on the Immune Response Following Influenza Vaccination

NCT ID: NCT05515263

Last Updated: 2023-07-27

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

88 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-09-09

Study Completion Date

2024-06-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of replacing usual snacks with alternative snack foods on the immune response to influenza vaccination in a population of healthy, middle-aged adults.

Detailed Description

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Nutrition plays an important role in the immune system by providing energy and metabolites to support the function of immune cells, allowing them to initiate effective immune responses. Diet is therefore a modifiable factor in impacting immune function and is currently a topic of substantial interest in health research. Snack consumption has been shown to account for approximately 20-30% of daily energy intake in adults. Therefore, snack choices have the potential to influence dietary intake and quality, and therefore immune function, both positively and negatively. This study assesses the effect of replacing usual snacks with alternative snack foods on the immune response in a model of viral infection - the seasonal influenza vaccine containing four prevalent influenza virus strains for the 2022/23 or 2023/24 influenza season, as determined by the World Health Organization.

This study is a parallel group, randomised controlled trial that will examine the replacement of usual snack foods with alternative snack foods on the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in humans, which will be assessed by measuring rates of seroconversion, and other immunological markers following vaccination. The intervention will be for 8 weeks, and influenza vaccination will be administered at 4-week midpoint. Participants will be followed up 3 months post-vaccination to assess incidence of upper respiratory symptoms.

Conditions

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Immune Response

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Intervention snack

The intervention group will receive a snack food believed to be beneficial for immune function (high content of immunoregulatory nutrients).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention snack

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

To be eaten in replacement of usual snacks twice a day for 8 weeks.

Control snack

The control group will receive an isocaloric, commercially available snack food (low content of immunoregulatory nutrients).

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control snack

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

To be eaten in replacement of usual snacks twice a day for 8 weeks.

Interventions

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Intervention snack

To be eaten in replacement of usual snacks twice a day for 8 weeks.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Control snack

To be eaten in replacement of usual snacks twice a day for 8 weeks.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Men or women, aged between 40-64 years
2. Body mass index (BMI) of 18.50 - 29.99 kg/m2
3. Individuals who regularly consume snacks (≥2 per day, excluding fruit, vegetable, nut and seed snacks)
4. Fibre intake \<30 g/d
5. Willing to avoid receiving any vaccination (except for COVID-19 vaccination) from one month prior to the baseline visit until completion of the 8-week intervention period
6. Willing to avoid receiving any COVID-19 vaccination/booster between week 2 and week 8 of the intervention period
7. Willing to discontinue use of prebiotics and probiotics during the trial
8. Willing to follow the protocol and provide consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Allergy or intolerance to any intervention products
2. Dislike of any intervention products
3. Immunodeficiency/immunosuppression due to disease or medication, such as:

* Chronic inflammatory disease or autoimmune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis) or primary or secondary immunodeficiency disease (e.g., HIV infection)
* Ongoing therapy with immunomodulators or immunosuppressants (e.g., chemotherapy, oral corticosteroids, daily use of inhaled or nasal corticosteroids)
* Other immunodeficient state (e.g., asplenia).
4. Medical history of any of the following: diabetes, major active psychiatric conditions (e.g. schizophrenia), current eating disorder, alcohol abuse, active treatment for cancer in the last year, severe neurological, endocrine, renal, cardiac or pulmonary disease (or any other chronic medical condition), severe oesophagitis, gastritis or duodenitis, active diverticulitis or intestinal/colonic strictures, Coeliac disease, Crohn's disease or Ulcerative colitis, stem cell or organ transplant, gut resection surgery, bleeding disorder, anaphylaxis or any other major or chronic condition known to impact study outcome measures.
5. Ongoing use of antiviral agents, or any other drugs known to impact study outcome measures
6. Use of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within the three months prior to vaccination
7. Ongoing use of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
8. Antibiotic treatment in the month prior to the start of the study
9. Consumption of probiotics or prebiotic products within the four weeks prior to the start of the study
10. History of severe adverse reaction and/or allergic reaction associated with the influenza vaccine or any other vaccine
11. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine including: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, disodium phosphate dihydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate; and possible trace residues: beta-propiolactone, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and polysorbate 80
12. Suffered from influenza illness in the six months prior to the start of the study
14. Received any influenza vaccination within six months prior to the start of the study
15. Received any other vaccinations within one month prior to the start of the study (except for COVID-19 vaccination)
16. Women who are pregnant, lactating or planning pregnancy
17. Ongoing alcohol, drug or medication abuse
18. Unexplained or unintentional weight loss in the past six months
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

64 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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King's College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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King's College London

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United Kingdom

Central Contacts

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Alice van der Schoot, MSc

Role: CONTACT

020 7848 4552

Eirini Dimidi, MSc, PhD

Role: CONTACT

020 7848 4552

Facility Contacts

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Alice van der Schoot, MSc

Role: primary

020 7848 4552

Other Identifiers

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HR/DP-21/22-33040

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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