The Assessment of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Fungal Infection
NCT ID: NCT05368948
Last Updated: 2022-05-10
Study Results
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Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
100 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2022-12-31
2023-06-30
Brief Summary
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* Determine sensitivity the profile and the resistance pattern of the clinical isolates against antifungal.
* Determine the antifungal effects of defensin, cathelicidin and histatins and their effects on biofilm formation and resistant isolates.
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Detailed Description
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Fungal biofilms are communities of adherent cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. These biofilms are commonly found during infection caused by a variety of fungal pathogens. Clinically, biofilm infections can be extremely difficult to eradicate due to their resistance to antifungals and host defenses. Biofilm formation can protect fungal pathogens from many aspects of the innate immune system, including killing by neutrophils and monocytes. Currently, antifungal therapies are scarce and include only four classes of antifungal agents, polyenes, triazoles, echinocandins and flucytosine . The misuse of antifungal agents over the last two decades contributed to antifungal resistance development.Fungal resistance emergence has important clinical implications, as it limits the already small arsenal of antifungal agents, raising the idea of a "post-antifungal" era. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as new biopharmaceuticals to prevent or treat fungal infections. AMPs are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a wide range of inhibitory effects against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses . Defensins comprise antifungal peptides isolated from various organisms, including plants and mammals . Plant defensins are cationic and have 45-54 amino acids in length. These peptides have typically been isolated from seeds, but can also be found in other plant tissues including leaves, flowers, roots and stems. Most of the plant defensins identified so far have eight cysteine residues that favor structural stability by the formation of four disulfide bonds . In addition, structural studies have shown that plant defensins comprise a triple β-sheet with a parallel helix. Regarding their biological properties, plant defensins have shown activity against bacteria and fungi, both in their planktonic and biofilm modes of growth . Peptides from the cathelicidin family have been isolated from different species of mammals and exhibit broad-spectrum activities against fungi. Cathelicidins are characterized as cationic peptides, consisting of 12-80 amino acids that adopt an α-helix or β-sheet as secondary structures, most of which have 23-37 amino acid residues distributed in amphipathic helices, including LL-37. The activities of LL-37 have been investigated against Candida spp. strains. Human salivary histatins are a group of small histidine-rich proteins constituted from 7 to 38 amino acids first isolated from human parotid saliva. In general, histatins are a multifunctional group of proteins with antimicrobial properties that vary from broad-spectrum to moderate activities. Moreover, histatins have been reported for their effective antifungal activity
Conditions
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Study Design
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OTHER
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* Patients on antibiotic or antifungal treatment
18 Years
70 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Assiut University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Sara salah abd El mawgoud
Assistant lecturer in clinical pathology department
Principal Investigators
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amal mohamad hosni, lecturer
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Assiut University
asmaa omar ahmed, assistant professor
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Assiut University
mohamad zakaria abd elrahman, professor
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Assiut University
Central Contacts
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References
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Lionakis MS, Levitz SM. Host Control of Fungal Infections: Lessons from Basic Studies and Human Cohorts. Annu Rev Immunol. 2018 Apr 26;36:157-191. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053318. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
Chowdhary A, Sharma C, Meis JF. Azole-Resistant Aspergillosis: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Treatment. J Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 15;216(suppl_3):S436-S444. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix210.
Perlin DS, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Alastruey-Izquierdo A. The global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;17(12):e383-e392. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30316-X. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
Huan Y, Kong Q, Mou H, Yi H. Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields. Front Microbiol. 2020 Oct 16;11:582779. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582779. eCollection 2020.
Cools TL, Struyfs C, Drijfhout JW, Kucharikova S, Lobo Romero C, Van Dijck P, Ramada MHS, Bloch C Jr, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. A Linear 19-Mer Plant Defensin-Derived Peptide Acts Synergistically with Caspofungin against Candida albicans Biofilms. Front Microbiol. 2017 Oct 20;8:2051. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02051. eCollection 2017.
Oshiro KGN, Rodrigues G, Monges BED, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms. Front Microbiol. 2019 Oct 4;10:2169. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02169. eCollection 2019.
Sathoff AE, Samac DA. Antibacterial Activity of Plant Defensins. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2019 May;32(5):507-514. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-08-18-0229-CR. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
Scarsini M, Tomasinsig L, Arzese A, D'Este F, Oro D, Skerlavaj B. Antifungal activity of cathelicidin peptides against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida species isolated from vaginal infections. Peptides. 2015 Sep;71:211-21. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.023. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
Other Identifiers
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antimicrobial peptides
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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