Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
33 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-10-27
2021-12-01
Brief Summary
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Otago Exercise Program (OEP) was a tailor-made home-based fall prevention program of community-dwelling elderlies. It comprises of 3 main components: 5 lower limb strengthening, 12 balance retraining and walking exercises. Regarding on its effectiveness, multiple studies revealed that OEP and modified version of OEP (mOEP) brought significant improvements on perceived, static and dynamic balance, lower limb strength, quality of life and functional capacity of healthy elderlies and those with various health conditions such as chronic illnesses, osteoarthritis, stroke and hemiplegia.
The delivery method of OEP and mOEP has been limited to have elderlies following the instructions and illustrations of a printed booklet. Currently, there are only two proposed effective forms of mOEP: video-instructed and Exergames. Our study attempts to establish a new home-based exercise option incorporating mOEP with video, music and lyrics. It helps to increase the exercise motivation of elderlies, hence their physical performance.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Intervention Group
Intervention Group will be asked to follow the actions in the provided video. It lasts for approximately 30 minutes, with 5-minute warm-up and cool-down exercises respectively, a 4-minute song repeating for 4 times and a 1-minute rest in between each repetition. Videos, in the form of a YouTube link, will be distributed for the Intervention Group, as well as the leaflets.
Modified Otago Exercise Program with music
Our study attempts to establish a new home-based exercise option incorporating mOEP with video, music and lyrics. Our new approach shares the same aims with Exergames and video-supported methods - to increase the exercise motivation of elderlies, hence their physical performance. Based on the video-supported approach in one previous study, we add in the component of music therapy. Music-based exercise interventions could produce positive outcomes on both physical, such as gait, balance and fall risk and level of physical activities and psychological, including exercise adherence, perceived exertion, thus extending exercise duration. However, exact mechanisms have not been revealed and it may be limited by personal preferences on music. In our video, the music we chose is of brisk rhythm, slightly delightful melody and higher pitch, which all help to shape a cheerful and relaxing atmosphere for the elderlies.
Control Group
Control Group will receive a leaflet on 10 actions extracted from mOEP, 2 actions from conventional OEP and 1 action from Mini-BESTest. The participants will perform 8-16 repetitions for each action, with 3-5 seconds of rest between actions.
Modified Otago Exercise Program
Otago Exercise Program (OEP) was developed by Otago Medical School in New Zealand as a tailor-made home-based fall prevention program to improve the balance performance of community-dwelling elderlies over 1 year. It comprises of 3 main components: 5 lower limb strengthening, 12 balance retraining and walking exercises. In the original program, the intensity was set as moderate with up to 4 difficulty levels for strengthening and balance exercises, in terms of ankle cuff weights and number of repetitions, and level of support respectively. It also stated that the frequency was at least 3 times a week for the former two exercises and at least 2 times per week for walking exercises; while the total duration was expected to make up to an hour, including 30-minute walking exercises.
Interventions
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Modified Otago Exercise Program with music
Our study attempts to establish a new home-based exercise option incorporating mOEP with video, music and lyrics. Our new approach shares the same aims with Exergames and video-supported methods - to increase the exercise motivation of elderlies, hence their physical performance. Based on the video-supported approach in one previous study, we add in the component of music therapy. Music-based exercise interventions could produce positive outcomes on both physical, such as gait, balance and fall risk and level of physical activities and psychological, including exercise adherence, perceived exertion, thus extending exercise duration. However, exact mechanisms have not been revealed and it may be limited by personal preferences on music. In our video, the music we chose is of brisk rhythm, slightly delightful melody and higher pitch, which all help to shape a cheerful and relaxing atmosphere for the elderlies.
Modified Otago Exercise Program
Otago Exercise Program (OEP) was developed by Otago Medical School in New Zealand as a tailor-made home-based fall prevention program to improve the balance performance of community-dwelling elderlies over 1 year. It comprises of 3 main components: 5 lower limb strengthening, 12 balance retraining and walking exercises. In the original program, the intensity was set as moderate with up to 4 difficulty levels for strengthening and balance exercises, in terms of ankle cuff weights and number of repetitions, and level of support respectively. It also stated that the frequency was at least 3 times a week for the former two exercises and at least 2 times per week for walking exercises; while the total duration was expected to make up to an hour, including 30-minute walking exercises.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Communicable \& able to follow command
* Self-reported sufficient visual \& auditory ability to follow the actions in video
* HK-MoCA 5-Min Protocol: No cognitive impairment
* Able to access electronic devices, such as smartphones, computers, televisions with network, Digital Video Disc/Compact Disc player
Exclusion Criteria
* History of lower limb fracture in recent 1 year
* History of joint replacement and any cardio-thoracic surgeries
* Self-reported visual \& auditory impairment
* Users of walking aids other than sticks, tripods or quadripods
55 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Tung Wah College
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Ho Yuk Ki Yorke
Student physiotherapist
Locations
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Tung Wah College
Hong Kong, , Hong Kong
Countries
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References
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Alhambra-Borrás, T., Valia-Cotanda, E., Dura-Ferrandis, E., Garcés-Ferrer, J. & Quel-Tejón, B. (2017). Promoting active ageing through a physical exercise program aimed at reducing frailty and risk of failing among older adults. International Journal of Integrated Care, 17(5): A225, 1-8. Doi: dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3535.
Almarzouki R, Bains G, Lohman E, Bradley B, Nelson T, Alqabbani S, Alonazi A, Daher N. Improved balance in middle-aged adults after 8 weeks of a modified version of Otago Exercise Program: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020 Jul 15;15(7):e0235734. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235734. eCollection 2020.
Campbell, A.J. & Robertson, M.C. (2003). Otago Exercise Programme to prevent falls in older adults. Otago Medical School. Retrieved from https://www.livestronger.org.nz/assets/Uploads/acc1162-otago-exercise-manual.pdf
Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 6;16(8):e0255780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255780. eCollection 2021.
Chu, L.W., Chi, I. & Chiu, A.Y.Y. (2007). Falls and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling elderly persons in Hong Kong: a study on risk factors, functional decline, and health services utilization after falls. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2007; 13(Suppl 1): S8-12. Retrieved from https://www.hkmj.org/system/files/hkm0702sp1p8.pdf
Dadgari A, Aizan Hamid T, Hakim MN, Chaman R, Mousavi SA, Poh Hin L, Dadvar L. Randomized Control Trials on Otago Exercise Program (OEP) to Reduce Falls Among Elderly Community Dwellers in Shahroud, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Feb 14;18(5):e26340. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.26340. eCollection 2016 May.
Department of Health. (2019). Fall Prevention in Elderly. Elderly Health Service of Department of Health and Primary Healthcare Office of Food and Health Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.elderly.gov.hk/tc_chi/books/files/fall_prevention/Fall_Prevention_booklet.pdf
Fong, K.N.K., Siu, A.M.H., Au Yeung, K., Cheung, S.W.S. & Chan, C.C.H. (2011). Falls among the Community-living elderly people in Hong Kong: A retrospective study. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy. 21; 1: 33-40. Doi: 10.106/j.hkjot.2011.05.005.
Jose, S. & Sangita, K. (2018). Effectiveness of Otago exercise to improve balance, quality of life and to reduce risk of fall in hemiplegic patients. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2019, Vol. 8, (8), 2043-46. Retrieved from https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i8/ART2020776.pdf
Kiik, S.M., Vanchapo, A.R., Elfrida, M.F., Nuwa, M.S. & Sakinah, S. (2020). Effectiveness of Otago exercise on health status and risk of fall among elderly with chronic illness. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia. 2020; 23 (1), 15-22. Doi: 10.7454/jki.v23il.900.
Luk JK, Chan TY, Chan DK. Falls prevention in the elderly: translating evidence into practice. Hong Kong Med J. 2015 Apr;21(2):165-71. doi: 10.12809/hkmj144469. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
Martins AC, Guia D, Saraiva M, Pereira T. Effects of A "Modified" Otago Exercise Program on the Functional Abilities and Social Participation of Older Adults Living in the Community-The AGA@4life Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 15;17(4):1258. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041258.
Park Y, Chang M. Effects of the Otago exercise program on fall efficacy, activities of daily living and quality of life in elderly stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Jan;28(1):190-3. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.190. Epub 2016 Jan 30.
Salekar, S. & Khandale, S.R. (2019). Effect of Otago exercise program on balance and risk of fall in community-dwelling individuals having knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Advance Research and Development. Vol. 4, (4): 36-38. Retrieved from https://www.ijarnd.com/manuscripts/v4i4/V4I4-1152.pdf
Stanmore EK, Mavroeidi A, de Jong LD, Skelton DA, Sutton CJ, Benedetto V, Munford LA, Meekes W, Bell V, Todd C. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strength and balance Exergames to reduce falls risk for people aged 55 years and older in UK assisted living facilities: a multi-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 2019 Feb 28;17(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1278-9.
Benavent-Caballer V, Rosado-Calatayud P, Segura-Orti E, Amer-Cuenca JJ, Lison JF. The effectiveness of a video-supported group-based Otago exercise programme on physical performance in community-dwelling older adults: a preliminary study. Physiotherapy. 2016 Sep;102(3):280-6. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Other Identifiers
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MHS_SRC_2021_001
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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