Non-pharmacological Methods in Pain Managment During Heel Stick in Preterm Infants
NCT ID: NCT05281367
Last Updated: 2022-03-16
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
144 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-12-15
2022-01-02
Brief Summary
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Design: A randomized clinical trial in a single center.
Methods:
The study was conducted on 144 premature infants with a gestational age of 31 to 36 weeks and 6 days hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Iran. Neonates were randomly assigned to four groups: 36 babies were included in the Non-nutritive sucking(1st Group), 36 in breast milk odor (2nd Group), 36 in Facilitated tucking (3rd Group), and 36 in the control group (4th Group). Pain score, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate of the babies in all groups before, during, and after the procedure were evaluated by two nurses independently.
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Detailed Description
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Method: The study was conducted on 144 premature infants with a gestational age of 31 to 36 weeks and 6 days hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Iran. Initially, neonates are divided into two groups according to gestational age (including neonates between 31-33 weeks and 34-36 weeks) to moderate the confounding effect of the age, and then the allocation of neonates to four groups was performed.
Using the stratification block randomization method, 36 babies were included in the Non-nutritive sucking(1st Group), 36 in breast milk odor (2nd Group), 36 in Facilitated tucking (3rd Group), and 36 in the control group (4th Group). Two researchers viewed the recorded videos independently and evaluate the heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and neonatal pain at 1st,2nd,3rd minute before the procedure, during, and at 1st,2nd,3rd minutes after the procedure according to the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Breast milk odor group
It is a non-pharmacological method of pain control in which 3 cc of breast milk will be dripped onto a sterile pad and It will be placed at a distance of 10 cm from the nose of the newborn. Precisely, premature newborns' own mothers' milk will be used. For this, mothers of newborns will be contacted and breast milk will be provided for the day of the procedure.
Breast milk odor group
The researcher applied the breast milk that dripped on the pad for 3 minutes before the heel stick for 36 premature newborns in the breast milk odor group. About three cc breast milk dripped onto a sterile pad and placed at a distance of 10 cm from the nose of the newborn. It continued until 3 minutes after the invasive procedure. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Facilitated tucking group
It is a non-pharmacological method of pain control in which the arms and legs are slowly contracted and placed close to the body. In this method, the baby is placed on its side, the baby's back is gently bent, the legs are folded at an angle of more than 90 degrees, the shoulders are folded up to 90 degrees, and the care hands are placed either on the head near the mouth or Placed on the baby's face.
Facilitated tucking group
The Facilitated tucking position was given to 36 premature newborns in the Facilitated tucking group, from 3 minutes before to 3 minutes after the heel stick procedure. Premature newborns were kept in the facilitated tucking position by the investigator using the incubator windows without opening the incubator cover to prevent heat loss of the newborn. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Non-nutritive sucking group
It is a non-pharmacological method used to control pain in infants. In this method, babies suck without receiving the nutrient. This can be done by a pacifier, a parent's hand or a nurse.
Non-nutritive sucking group
36 premature newborns who were in the non-nutritive sucking group were given a silicone pacifier suitable for the week of the baby's mouth from 3 minutes before to 3 minutes after the heel stick. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
control grup
The control group will consist of 36 premature newborns who are routinely applied in the clinic. In the clinic where the research was conducted, no attempt is made to reduce pain during heel stick.
Control group
The control group will consist of 36 premature newborns who are routinely applied in the clinic. In the clinic where the research was conducted, no attempt is made to reduce pain during heel stick. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study.
Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Interventions
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Breast milk odor group
The researcher applied the breast milk that dripped on the pad for 3 minutes before the heel stick for 36 premature newborns in the breast milk odor group. About three cc breast milk dripped onto a sterile pad and placed at a distance of 10 cm from the nose of the newborn. It continued until 3 minutes after the invasive procedure. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Facilitated tucking group
The Facilitated tucking position was given to 36 premature newborns in the Facilitated tucking group, from 3 minutes before to 3 minutes after the heel stick procedure. Premature newborns were kept in the facilitated tucking position by the investigator using the incubator windows without opening the incubator cover to prevent heat loss of the newborn. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Non-nutritive sucking group
36 premature newborns who were in the non-nutritive sucking group were given a silicone pacifier suitable for the week of the baby's mouth from 3 minutes before to 3 minutes after the heel stick. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study. Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Control group
The control group will consist of 36 premature newborns who are routinely applied in the clinic. In the clinic where the research was conducted, no attempt is made to reduce pain during heel stick. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and respiration rate were recorded in this group before the study.
Then, to evaluate the pain in the infants, a video camera was placed on the incubator. The infants in each group were filmed from three minutes before the procedure to three minutes after. Neonatal pain was measured at 1, 2, and 3 minutes before, during, and at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the procedure by two researchers independently using the new version Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP).
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Not being exposed to a painful procedure at least 1 hour before the interventions
3. At least 1 hour has passed since feeding
4. Not taking analgesics and/or sedatives in the last 4 hours
5. Body weight of 1000 grams or more
6. Having mother's milk
7. Not exceeding the 10th day of postnatal age
Exclusion Criteria
2. Having a congenital anomaly
3. Using analgesic / narcotic analgesic drugs
4. Continuous sedative treatment
5. Having a congenital malformation that may cause asphyxia and affect respiration
6. Having intracranial bleeding
1 Day
10 Days
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Negarin Akbari
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Negarin Akbari
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Negarin Akbari, PhD student
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Istanbul un'vers'ty cerrahpasa-Istanbul,Turkey
Locations
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Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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1400829255739
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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