Sensory-Play Based (SenPlay) Intervention for Young Children With or At Risk for ADHD

NCT ID: NCT05222321

Last Updated: 2024-07-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

12 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-03-09

Study Completion Date

2022-05-19

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this pilot study is to determine the effects of 15 minutes of sensory-play based (SenPlay) intervention on improving focused attention in developmentally appropriate tasks in young children with or at risk for ADHD.

Detailed Description

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After being informed about the study and potential risks, written consent will be obtained by the investigators. Twenty participants will be recruited for this randomized, experimental study with a two-group longitudinal, pre-posttest, linear association study design to measure attention levels and off-task behaviors. All participants will attend a total of four sessions. The investigator, a registered, licensed occupational therapist, will lead all intervention sessions utilizing a set protocol. Participants will complete an intake session to determine baseline fine motor skills for developmentally appropriate tasks (DAT) before being randomly assigned to either the control group or the SenPlay intervention group. The control group will engage in spontaneous, free play with the supervising only for safety within the sensorimotor gym (see image 1) for 15 minutes, prior to the assessment of off-task behaviors during 10 minutes of DAT. The intervention group will engage in 15-minutes of SenPlay intervention, followed by assessment of off-task behaviors during 10 minutes of DAT. The 10 minutes of DAT will be coded at the beginning of each 15 second interval (Wood et al., 2016) for a total of 40 observation periods. The percentage of on and off-task behaviors will be calculated. Two coders, blinded to the group assignment will code session. Prior to the study, both coders will achieve a reliability of at least 95% accuracy in training sessions.

Conditions

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

To address the aims of this study, the investigators will recruit 20 participants and utilize a randomized, experimental study with a two-group longitudinal, pre-posttest, linear association study design to measure attention levels and off-task behaviors. This is the first step in determining the effects of the SenPlay intervention on focused attention. The intervention will occur over three time points in a clinic therapy room and occupational therapy gym in an outpatient pediatric clinic.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
Participants will not be aware of group assignment, but will be notified of their group assignment at the end of the three intervention sessions upon request. The percentage of on and off-task behaviors will be calculated by two coders, blinded to the group assignment will code session. Prior to the study, both coders will achieve a reliability of at least 95% accuracy in training sessions.

Study Groups

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SenPlay Intervention Group

SenPlay is a sensory-play based intervention that includes deep tactile pressure, vestibular and proprioceptive input as a therapeutic medium to facilitate optimal arousal through activities such as pushing, pulling, climbing, jumping, and crashing. These activities are designed to facilitate changes in the child's arousal by providing sensory input and are used at random during the 15 minute window and are facilitated and monitored to ensure the child is reaching a threshold of moderate to vigorous physical activity. All participants will wear the ActiGraph accelerometer to measure the intensity of physical activity during the SenPlay intervention. Intervention sessions will occur at three time points, one per week for three weeks. Following the SenPlay intervention, participants will engage in 10 minutes of developmentally appropriate tasks (DAT) lead by the same investigator. DAT will be videotaped and coded for off task behaviors using Momentary Time Sampling (MTS).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sensory-Play Based (SenPlay) Intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

SenPlay is a sensory-play based intervention that includes deep tactile pressure, vestibular and proprioceptive input as a therapeutic medium to facilitate optimal arousal through sensory-play based activities such as pushing, pulling, climbing, jumping, crashing, and swinging. These activities are designed to facilitate changes in the child's arousal through providing sensory input to ensure the child is reaching a threshold of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Completed at three time points, once weekly for three weeks.

Free play Control Group

The control group will engage in spontaneous, free play with the investigator supervising only for safety within the sensorimotor gym for 15 minutes, prior to the assessment of off-task behaviors during 10 minutes of developmentally appropriate tasks (DAT). All participants will wear the ActiGraph accelerometer to measure the intensity of physical activity reached during spontaneous, free play. Participants in the control group will participate in three sessions, one per week for three weeks. Intervention sessions will occur at three time points, one per week for three weeks. Following the spontaneous play, participants will engage in 10 minutes of developmentally appropriate tasks (DAT) lead by the same investigator. DAT will be videotaped and coded for off task behaviors using Momentary Time Sampling (MTS).

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Spontaneous, Free Play

Intervention Type OTHER

Participant engages in spontaneous, free play with the investigator supervising only for safety within the sensorimotor gym for 15 minutes. Completed at three time points, once weekly for three weeks.

Interventions

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Sensory-Play Based (SenPlay) Intervention

SenPlay is a sensory-play based intervention that includes deep tactile pressure, vestibular and proprioceptive input as a therapeutic medium to facilitate optimal arousal through sensory-play based activities such as pushing, pulling, climbing, jumping, crashing, and swinging. These activities are designed to facilitate changes in the child's arousal through providing sensory input to ensure the child is reaching a threshold of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Completed at three time points, once weekly for three weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Spontaneous, Free Play

Participant engages in spontaneous, free play with the investigator supervising only for safety within the sensorimotor gym for 15 minutes. Completed at three time points, once weekly for three weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 3-years, to 5-years, 11-months
* Diagnosis or provisional diagnosis of ADHD or overactivity by the primary care physician, psychologist or neurologist
* No diagnosis of neurological disorders other than ADHD
* Normal or corrected vision
* Cognitive skills to follow verbal instruction
* Gross and fine motor skills to engage in sensorimotor activities and school readiness tasks

Exclusion Criteria

* Participants will be excluded if they currently take medication for ADHD or exhibit severe physical impairments that result in inability to engage in the SenPlay intervention, fine motor and visual motor activities.
Minimum Eligible Age

36 Months

Maximum Eligible Age

71 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Oklahoma

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Thubi Kolobe, PT, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Oklahoma

Locations

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Sensational Kids, Inc

Yukon, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Acar IH, Frohn S, Prokasky A, Molfese VJ, Bates JE. Examining the Associations Between Performance Based and Ratings of Focused Attention in Toddlers: Are We Measuring the Same Constructs? Infant Child Dev. 2019 Jan-Feb;28(1):e2116. doi: 10.1002/icd.2116. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30853857 (View on PubMed)

Barton EE, Reichow B, Schnitz A, Smith IC, Sherlock D. A systematic review of sensory-based treatments for children with disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Feb;37:64-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Nov 25.

Reference Type RESULT
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Gaertner BM, Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N. Focused Attention in Toddlers: Measurement, Stability, and Relations to Negative Emotion and Parenting. Infant Child Dev. 2008 Aug;17(4):339-363. doi: 10.1002/ICD.580.

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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15656741 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type RESULT

McGoey, K. Schreiber, J, Venesky, L., Westwood, W., McGuirk, L., Schaffner, K. Factor structure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms for children age 3 to 5 years. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 2015; 33(5), 430-438

Reference Type RESULT

Olson LJ, Moulton HJ. Use of weighted vests in pediatric occupational therapy practice. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2004;24(3):45-60. doi: 10.1300/j006v24n03_04.

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Reference Type RESULT

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Reference Type RESULT
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Seifert, AM. Metz, AE. The effects of inflated seating cushions on engagement in preschool circle time. Early Childhood Education Journal. 2016; 45(3), 411-418

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Sirard, J., Trost, S., Pfeiffer, K., Dowda, M., Pate, R. Calibration and evaluation of an objective measure of physical activity in preschool children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2005; 3, 345-357

Reference Type RESULT

Wood, BK., Hojnoski, RL., Laracy, SD., Olson, CL. Comparison of observational methods and their relation to ratings of engagement in young children. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. 2016; 35, 211-222

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Zakszeski, BN., Hojnoski, RL., Wood, BK. Considerations for Time Sampling Interval Durations in the Measurement of Young Children's Classroom Engagement. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. 2017; 37(1), 42-53

Reference Type RESULT

Other Identifiers

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14128

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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