Effects of Choice Bundling on Valuation of Delayed Gains and Losses in Cigarette Smokers

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

308 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-07-26

Study Completion Date

2021-08-12

Brief Summary

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The present study will investigate the effects of choice bundling, in which a single choice produces a series of repeating consequences, on valuation of delayed monetary gains and losses in an online panel of cigarette smokers.

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Detailed Description

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Choice bundling, in which a single choice produces a series of repeating consequences, has been shown to increase valuation of delayed monetary and non-monetary gains. Interventions derived from this manipulation may be an effective method for mitigating the elevated delay discounting rates observed in cigarette smokers. No prior work, however, has investigated whether effects of choice bundling generalize to reward losses. In the present study, an online panel of cigarette smokers, recruited using Ipsos, will complete assessments for either monetary gains or losses (randomly assigned). In Step 1, participants will complete a delay-discounting task to establish Effective Delay 50 (ED50), or the delay required for a monetary outcome to lose half of its value. In Step 2, participants will complete three conditions of an adjusting-amount task, choosing between a smaller, sooner (SS) adjusting amount and a larger, later (LL) fixed amount. The bundle size (i.e., number of consequences) will be manipulated across conditions, where a single choice will produce either 1 (control), 3, or 9 consequences over time (ascending/descending order counterbalanced). The delay to the first LL amount in each condition, as well as the intervals between all additional SS and LL amounts (where applicable), will be set to individual participants' ED50 values from Step 1 to control for differences in discounting of gains and losses.

Conditions

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Cigarette Smoking

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants are randomly assigned to either a gains or losses group and subsequently complete conditions at bundle-sizes 1, 3, and 9 (within-subjects, order counterbalanced).

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors

Data collection and randomization to groups was performed online without the investigators' direct involvement

Study Groups

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Gains, Ascending Bundle-Size Order

Participants will complete the choice bundling adjusting-amount task for monetary gains in an ascending order of bundle size.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bundle-size 1

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produces only a single consequence (e.g., lose $900 in 1 year).

Bundle-size 3

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of three consequences over time. o hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $300 in 1 year, lose $300 in 2 years, lose $300 in 3 years).

Bundle-size 9

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of nine consequences over time. To hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $100 in 1 year, lose $100 in 2 years, lose $100 in 3 years...lose $100 in 9 years).

Gains, Descending Bundle-Size Order

Participants will complete the choice bundling adjusting-amount task for monetary gains in a descending order of bundle size.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bundle-size 1

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produces only a single consequence (e.g., lose $900 in 1 year).

Bundle-size 3

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of three consequences over time. o hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $300 in 1 year, lose $300 in 2 years, lose $300 in 3 years).

Bundle-size 9

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of nine consequences over time. To hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $100 in 1 year, lose $100 in 2 years, lose $100 in 3 years...lose $100 in 9 years).

Losses, Ascending Bundle-Size Order

Participants will complete the choice bundling adjusting-amount task for monetary losses in an ascending order of bundle size.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bundle-size 1

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produces only a single consequence (e.g., lose $900 in 1 year).

Bundle-size 3

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of three consequences over time. o hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $300 in 1 year, lose $300 in 2 years, lose $300 in 3 years).

Bundle-size 9

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of nine consequences over time. To hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $100 in 1 year, lose $100 in 2 years, lose $100 in 3 years...lose $100 in 9 years).

Losses, Descending Bundle-Size Order

Participants will complete the choice bundling adjusting-amount task for monetary losses in an ascending order of bundle size.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bundle-size 1

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produces only a single consequence (e.g., lose $900 in 1 year).

Bundle-size 3

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of three consequences over time. o hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $300 in 1 year, lose $300 in 2 years, lose $300 in 3 years).

Bundle-size 9

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of nine consequences over time. To hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $100 in 1 year, lose $100 in 2 years, lose $100 in 3 years...lose $100 in 9 years).

Interventions

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Bundle-size 1

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produces only a single consequence (e.g., lose $900 in 1 year).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Bundle-size 3

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of three consequences over time. o hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $300 in 1 year, lose $300 in 2 years, lose $300 in 3 years).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Bundle-size 9

In this condition, each choice in the adjusting-amount task produce a series of nine consequences over time. To hold total amount constant across conditions, the $900 available in the bundle-size 1 condition will be distributed equally across all consequences in the series. (e.g., lose $100 in 1 year, lose $100 in 2 years, lose $100 in 3 years...lose $100 in 9 years).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL