Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Septic Shock: A Pilot Study

NCT ID: NCT05093075

Last Updated: 2025-08-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-06-01

Study Completion Date

2027-12-31

Brief Summary

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The investigators propose to conduct a multi-center randomized pilot feasibility trial comparing therapeutic plasma exchange to standard of care in patients diagnosed with septic shock.

Detailed Description

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The intervention arm consists of an exchange of one volume of plasma equivalent to the patient's total calculated blood volume (1.0 plasma volume exchange) performed daily until discontinuation of vasopressors, death or up to a maximum of 5 daily treatments. Solvent detergent plasma or frozen plasma (FP) depending on availability will be used as the replacement fluid. The control group will receive standard of care for the treatment of septic shock in accordance with local practice and informed by national and international guidelines.

The management of septic shock, including but not limited to, antibiotic therapy, infection source control, therapy, fluid therapy, mechanical ventilation, and nutrition, will be at the discretion of the treating medical team, and will be recorded and reported.

The investigators will monitor for development of coagulopathy by measure the INR and fibrinogen levels daily. These are expected to normalize with the use of plasma as replacement fluid. The investigators will monitor for adverse reactions related to central venous access devices (insertion related complications, infection, thrombosis) and/or TPE (including reaction to plasma, allergic reactions and hypotension). Venous access devices will be inserted by trained, experienced personnel using real-time ultrasound guidance. These data are routinely collected by apheresis programs across Canada as part of a data collection and reporting relationship with CAG.

To further our understanding of the biologic impact of TPE in sepsis, plasma and whole blood samples will be collected at randomization (day 1), Pre-3rd TPE or Day 3 if in SOC group, pre-5th TPE or Day if SOC group, and 48 hours after completion of TPE or Day 7 if SOC group to evaluate markers of coagulation (ADAMTS-13 levels, DNase levels, histones).

Conditions

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Septic Shock

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

A web-based randomization system maintained at the Center for Healthcare Innovation (CHI) (Winnipeg, Manitoba) will be used to allocate treatment assignments. The randomization process will consist of a computer-generated random listing of the treatment allocations in variable permuted blocks of 2 and 4. Participants will be randomized to Treatment (5 Therapeutic Plasma Exchanges) or Standard of Care.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
All investigators and research staff will be blinded to the allocation schedules. The PLEXSIS pilot trial is designed as a prospective randomized open, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial. This pragmatic design is necessary given impractical nature of blinding the TPE intervention.

Study Groups

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Treatment Arm

Participants randomized to the Treatment Arm will received 1.0 plasma exchanges daily until discontinuation of vasopressors, death or to a maximum of 5 daily treatments. Solvent detergent plasma (SDP) or frozen plasma (FP) depending on availability will be used as the replacement fluid.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange

Intervention Type OTHER

TPE procedures will be performed using a Spectra Optia ® apheresis machine (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, USA) according to usual-care procedures for apheresis. Venous access for the TPE procedures will be obtained through a double lumen dialysis catheter to provide adequate flow rates required for TPE. Regional citrate anticoagulation will be used for anticoagulation within the apheresis circuit. One to two grams of calcium chloride will be infused as per standard during TPE to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia. Plasma volume will be calculated as per a standard formula whereby estimated plasma volume (in liters) = 0.07 x weight (kg) x (1 - hematocrit). In patients on dialysis, dialysis will be interrupted for the duration of the procedure. Antibiotics will be given after TPE to avoid clearance of the antibiotics. On the first day of TPE, a repeat dose of antibiotics will be administered after completion of TPE. Nurse clinicians trained in TPE will perform the TPE procedures.

Standard of Care Arm

Participants randomized to the Control Arm will receive standard of care for the treatment of septic shock in accordance with local practice and informed by national and international guidelines.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Therapeutic Plasma Exchange

TPE procedures will be performed using a Spectra Optia ® apheresis machine (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, USA) according to usual-care procedures for apheresis. Venous access for the TPE procedures will be obtained through a double lumen dialysis catheter to provide adequate flow rates required for TPE. Regional citrate anticoagulation will be used for anticoagulation within the apheresis circuit. One to two grams of calcium chloride will be infused as per standard during TPE to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia. Plasma volume will be calculated as per a standard formula whereby estimated plasma volume (in liters) = 0.07 x weight (kg) x (1 - hematocrit). In patients on dialysis, dialysis will be interrupted for the duration of the procedure. Antibiotics will be given after TPE to avoid clearance of the antibiotics. On the first day of TPE, a repeat dose of antibiotics will be administered after completion of TPE. Nurse clinicians trained in TPE will perform the TPE procedures.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. ≥ 16 years of age
2. Refractory hypotension documented within 48 hours prior to enrollment requiring the institution and ongoing use of vasopressor agents (phenylephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, epinephrine, midodrine or dopamine \>5 mcg/kg/min) at enrollment. Refractory hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 90 mmHg, or SBP less than 30 mmHg below baseline, or a mean arterial blood pressure less than 65 mmHg, despite adequate fluid resuscitation
3. Capacity to initiate plasma exchange with 48 hours of vasopressor initiation.
4. At least 1 other new organ dysfunction (in addition to refractory hypotension), defined by the following at the time of enrollment:

1. Creatinine ≥1.5x the known baseline creatinine within 7 days, or ≥ 26.5 µmol/l increase in 48 hours,
2. Need for invasive mechanical ventilation or a P/F ratio \<250
3. Platelets \<100 x109/L, or a drop of 50 x109/L in the 3 days prior to enrollment
4. Arterial pH \< 7.30 or base deficit \> 5 mmol/L in association with a lactate \>/= to 3.0 mmol/L

45\. Known or suspected infection

Exclusion Criteria

We will exclude patients who have any one of the following criteria at the time of enrollment:

1. Consent declined (refusal from patient, SDM, or physician)
2. Clinically apparent alternate causes for shock (cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, obstructive, neurogenic or anaphylactic)
3. Terminal illness with a life expectancy of less than 3 months
4. Are pregnant
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Health Sciences Centre Foundation, Manitoba

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

McMaster University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Manitoba

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Ryan Zarychanski, MD, MSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Manitoba

Emily Rimmer, MD, MSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Manitoba

Locations

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Foothills Medical Centre

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Southern Health Campus

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Hamilton Health Sciences - Juravinski

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Joseph's Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Queen's University at Kingston

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Ottawa Hospital

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (Chum),

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Universite Laval

Québec, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Canada

Central Contacts

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Emily Rimmer, MD, MSc

Role: CONTACT

204-787-2128

Chantale Pineau, BA

Role: CONTACT

204-235-3223

Facility Contacts

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Theophany Eystathioy

Role: primary

Theophany Eystathioy

Role: primary

Caylin Chadwick

Role: primary

Chantale Pineau, MA

Role: primary

2042353223

Tina Millen

Role: primary

France Clarke

Role: primary

Tracy Boyd

Role: primary

Pieter Norgaard

Role: primary

Marlene Santos

Role: primary

Mélissa Gagnon-Hamelin

Role: primary

Stephanie Massana

Role: primary

References

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Schwartz J, Padmanabhan A, Aqui N, Balogun RA, Connelly-Smith L, Delaney M, Dunbar NM, Witt V, Wu Y, Shaz BH. Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Seventh Special Issue. J Clin Apher. 2016 Jun;31(3):149-62. doi: 10.1002/jca.21470.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27322218 (View on PubMed)

Rimmer E, Houston BL, Kumar A, Abou-Setta AM, Friesen C, Marshall JC, Rock G, Turgeon AF, Cook DJ, Houston DS, Zarychanski R. The efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2014 Dec 20;18(6):699. doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0699-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25527094 (View on PubMed)

Busund R, Koukline V, Utrobin U, Nedashkovsky E. Plasmapheresis in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2002 Oct;28(10):1434-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-002-1410-7. Epub 2002 Jul 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12373468 (View on PubMed)

Davies R, O'Dea K, Gordon A. Immune therapy in sepsis: Are we ready to try again? J Intensive Care Soc. 2018 Nov;19(4):326-344. doi: 10.1177/1751143718765407. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30515242 (View on PubMed)

Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, Reinhart K, Angus DC, Brun-Buisson C, Beale R, Calandra T, Dhainaut JF, Gerlach H, Harvey M, Marini JJ, Marshall J, Ranieri M, Ramsay G, Sevransky J, Thompson BT, Townsend S, Vender JS, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL; International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee; American Association of Critical-Care Nurses; American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Emergency Physicians; Canadian Critical Care Society; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; European Respiratory Society; International Sepsis Forum; Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Hospital Medicine; Surgical Infection Society; World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;36(1):296-327. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18158437 (View on PubMed)

Lega JC, Mismetti P, Cucherat M, Fassier T, Bertoletti L, Chapelle C, Laporte S. Impact of double-blind vs. open study design on the observed treatment effects of new oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Jul;11(7):1240-50. doi: 10.1111/jth.12294.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23659614 (View on PubMed)

Binnie A, Walsh CJ, Hu P, Dwivedi DJ, Fox-Robichaud A, Liaw PC, Tsang JLY, Batt J, Carrasqueiro G, Gupta S, Marshall JC, Castelo-Branco P, Dos Santos CC; Epigenetic Profiling in Severe Sepsis (EPSIS) Study of the Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (CCCTBG). Epigenetic Profiling in Severe Sepsis: A Pilot Study of DNA Methylation Profiles in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb;48(2):142-150. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004097.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31939781 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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HS23165 (B2019:093)

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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