The Effects of Whole Body Prenatal Massage Therapy During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Trial

NCT ID: NCT05007210

Last Updated: 2021-08-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-10-24

Study Completion Date

2017-11-08

Brief Summary

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Background: Massage therapy in many parts of the world is used in all periods of pregnancy.

Aim: The study aimed to determine the effect of massage therapy during pregnancy on women and their fetuses in a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey.

Method: A randomized controlled experimental trial was aimed to reach primipara pregnant women, 20-35 years old, who came to a university obstetric clinic to get the results of the first-trimester screen test. Researchers aimed to reach 30 pregnant women at the start of the study. Participants were randomly allocated to a parallel comparison group by a central office. The sampling technique has been applied according to the CONSORT criteria.

The study practices have been carried out after receiving ethics committee and institution approvals after the researcher completed the prenatal massage therapy training, and after taking the voluntary informed consent of the pregnant women. The practices have been carried out in the massage office that was formed within the scope of the study. Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), BPP, vital signs, fetal heart rate (FHR) evaluation have been carried out for the pregnants whose routine gestational monitoring went on during their gestational week between the 30th and 34th in the control group, and Pregnant Description Form, VAS, Prenatal Attachment Inventory-PAI, Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire-PDQ have been applied. In the prenatal massage therapy group, between the 30th and 34th weeks, each week for five weeks, prenatal massage therapy including a 60 minutes deep tissue and Sweden massage methods had been applied once a week. Side-Lying Positioning System that is designed specifically for the pregnant has been used during the practices. In addition, the reason why the study group consisted of pregnant women in these weeks; Perinatology specialists recommend women to experience a deep and sustainable level of relaxation for 45-60 minutes before falling asleep, especially in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, in preparation for labour (Osborne et al. 2021). In line with this suggestion, since the whole body massage has been performed in the research method, a 60-minute massage (30 minutes for each lateral position) has been applied.

Detailed Description

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Aim: The study aims to determine the effect of massage during pregnancy on women and their fetuses in a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey.

Method: The study was a randomized controlled experimental trial carried out with 20-35 years-old primipara pregnant women who came to obstetrics polyclinic of a university for evaluation of their first-trimester screen test's results, had no infertility story and were not at high risk (inclusion criteria). The participants were randomly allocated to the parallel comparison groups by a central office. The sample selection process in the study has been planned to be applied according to the CONSORT criteria (Moher et al. 2010) and the permutation method with blocked randomization has been done to the records assigned from the centre that the study was applied (Kanık, Tasdelen, and Erdogan 2011). In the process of collecting data, one blinding method has been applied, and it has only been applied to data analysis. Researchers aimed to reach 30 pregnant women at the start of the study. The completion decision of the data gathering process has been determined with power analysis that is carried out by the PASS program.

The study practices have been carried out after receiving ethics committee and institution approvals after the researcher completed the prenatal massage therapy training, and after taking the voluntary informed consent of the pregnant women. The practices have been carried out in the massage office that was formed within the scope of the study. Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), BPP, vital signs, fetal heart rate (FHR) evaluation have been carried out for the pregnants whose routine gestational monitoring went on during their gestational week between the 30th and 34th in the control group, and Pregnant Description Form, VAS, Prenatal Attachment Inventory-PAI, Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire-PDQ have been applied. In the prenatal massage therapy group, between the 30th and 34th weeks, each week for five weeks, prenatal massage therapy including a 60 minutes deep tissue and Sweden massage methods had been applied once a week. Side-Lying Positioning System that is designed specifically for the pregnant has been used during the practices. In addition, the reason why the study group consisted of pregnant women in these weeks; Perinatology specialists recommend women to experience a deep and sustainable level of relaxation for 45-60 minutes before falling asleep, especially in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, in preparation for labour (Osborne et al. 2021). In line with this suggestion, since the whole body massage has been performed in the research method, a 60-minute massage (30 minutes for each lateral position) has been applied.

Like before the prenatal massage therapy on the first date and after the prenatal massage therapy on the last date in the control group, all the forms and measurements have been applied. Pregnant women's VAS was measured before and after the prenatal massage therapy and the evaluation of the other measured data have been held between the 31st and 33rd gestational weeks. Also, Visual Analog Patient Satisfaction Scale-VAPSS has been measured after each prenatal massage therapy for finding satisfaction levels. In the process of the study, any significant side effect related to the practices hasn't occurred. The completion decision of the data gathering process has been determined with power analysis that was carried out by PASS program. The analysis of the study data has been carried out through SPSS 16 program.

Conditions

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Massage Therapy Pregnancy Related Fetus Fetus

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study type is interventional.As a prospective, randomised, single masking, parallel trial design has been carried out with primipar pregnant women that came to obstetrics polyclinic of a university hospital to evaluate before 30th week.The participants were randomly allocated to the parallel comparison groups by a central office.The sample selection process in the study has been applied according to CONSORT criteria (Moher et al. 2010), and through the permutation method, blocked randomization (Kanık, Tasdelen, and Erdogan 2011) has been done to the records assigned from the centre that the study was applied. The completion decision of the data gathering process has been determined with power analysis that is carried out by the PASS program.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
The pregnant women in control and prenatal massage therapy groups were appointed to different times to avoid each other. At the beginning of the study, they didn't know in which group they were taken to participate in the study. In the process of gathering data, the single-blind method has been applied, and the double-blind method has only been applied to data analysis (The double-blind method was not used in the data collection process in order to reveal the loss of the study conducted within the scope of the doctoral thesis and the fact that prenatal massage therapy practice is not performed routinely in country conditions). However, single blinding was performed in terms of the outcomes. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by Biostatistics and Medical Information Department at Ege University.

Study Groups

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Prenatal massage therapy group

Prenatal massage therapy for prenatal attachment, physiological and psychological distress, maternal and fetal well-being.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Prenatal massage therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

Pregnant women in the intervention group had a whole body prenatal massage therapy every week between 30th and 34th gestational weeks (once a week, 5-weeks in total and 60-minutes each).Session content for the prenatal massage therapy group was created by the researcher who was 640-hours trained massaging midwife.It included 12 different massage techniques (Osborne 2015, Osborne 2021).Also, the session, which included deep tissue and Sweden massage methods, had been applied.Each session began with the pregnant woman in a side-lying position with standart special pillows (30-minutes for left, 30-minutes for right).EFM, BPP, vital signs, FHR evaluation were carried out for all participants per visiting the hospital for the study.BPP before and after prenatal massage therapy was evaluated by an obstetrician.A phone number was set for the study, and this phone number was used by the massaging midwife.The service has been provided for pregnant women to reach her whenever they want.

Control group

Pregnant women in the control group were interviewed twice (once a week for 30th and 34th week) by the same massaging midwife. No additional attempt was made except for filling out the forms and evaluating the biophysical profile by the obstetrician in these interviews. The massaging midwife's phone number was given to the pregnant women in both groups if they want to reach anytime. A phone number was set for the study, and this phone number was used by the massaging midwife. This service has been provided for pregnant women to reach her whenever they want.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Prenatal massage therapy

Pregnant women in the intervention group had a whole body prenatal massage therapy every week between 30th and 34th gestational weeks (once a week, 5-weeks in total and 60-minutes each).Session content for the prenatal massage therapy group was created by the researcher who was 640-hours trained massaging midwife.It included 12 different massage techniques (Osborne 2015, Osborne 2021).Also, the session, which included deep tissue and Sweden massage methods, had been applied.Each session began with the pregnant woman in a side-lying position with standart special pillows (30-minutes for left, 30-minutes for right).EFM, BPP, vital signs, FHR evaluation were carried out for all participants per visiting the hospital for the study.BPP before and after prenatal massage therapy was evaluated by an obstetrician.A phone number was set for the study, and this phone number was used by the massaging midwife.The service has been provided for pregnant women to reach her whenever they want.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 20-35 years-old
* Primiparous women
* Low-risk pregnant women
* Before the 30th week of gestation Also for the group of the prenatal massage therapy;
* Can come 5 times for each week of gestation between 30 and 34 weeks
* No infectious disease or skin infection on the skin,
* No thrombosis or phlebitis
* Single and healthy fetus
* Written and verbally available
* Before the 30th week of gestation
* Accept attendance
* Residing in the province in which the study conducted city

Exclusion Criteria

* Infertility story
* High risk pregnancy
* Live or stillbirth after 20th week of gestation
* Abortion after the first trimester
* History of recurrent pregnancy loss
Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Ege University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Yeliz CAKIR KOCAK

Midwifery Research Asistant

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Yeliz Çakır Koçak

Izmir, Bornova, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Alp Dal, N., & Ertem, G. (2016). Fetal Sağlığın Değerlendirilmesi ve Tarama Testleri. In Ü. Sevil & G. Ertem (Eds.), Perinatoloji ve Bakım (Birinci ba, pp. 373-408). Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Clarke, M. (1964). Reliability and sensibility in the self-assessment of well-being. Bul Br Psy Soc, 17(18A).

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Cline ME, Herman J, Shaw ER, Morton RD. Standardization of the visual analogue scale. Nurs Res. 1992 Nov-Dec;41(6):378-80. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1437591 (View on PubMed)

Dereli Yilmaz, S., & Kızılkaya Beji, N. (2013). Prenatal Bağlanma Envanterinin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması: Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 103-109.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Eti Aslan, F. (2004). Ameliyat Sonrası Ağrı Değerlendirmesinde Görsel Kıyaslama Ölçeğiyle Basit Tanımlayıcı Ölçeğin Duyarlık ve Seçiciliği. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 8(1), 1-6. http://dergipark.gov.tr/ybhd/issue/26499/278822

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Hayes, M. H. S., & Patterson, D. G. (1921). Experimental development of the graphic rating method. Psychological Bulletin, 18, 98-99.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Ibrahim SM, Lobel M. Conceptualization, measurement, and effects of pregnancy-specific stress: review of research using the original and revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. J Behav Med. 2020 Feb;43(1):16-33. doi: 10.1007/s10865-019-00068-7. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31183596 (View on PubMed)

Kanık, E. A., Tasdelen, B., & Erdogan, S. (2011). Randomization In Clinical Trials. Marmara Medical Journal, 24, 149-155. https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJ.2011.01981.1

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Kılınçer, C., & Zileli, M. (2006). Görsel Analog Hasta Tatmini Skalası. Trakya Univ Tip Fak Derg, 23(3), 113-118.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Lobel M, Cannella DL, Graham JE, DeVincent C, Schneider J, Meyer BA. Pregnancy-specific stress, prenatal health behaviors, and birth outcomes. Health Psychol. 2008 Sep;27(5):604-15. doi: 10.1037/a0013242.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18823187 (View on PubMed)

Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gotzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010 Mar 23;340:c869. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c869. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20332511 (View on PubMed)

Muller ME. Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. West J Nurs Res. 1993 Apr;15(2):199-211; discussion 211-5. doi: 10.1177/019394599301500205. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8470375 (View on PubMed)

Osborne, C. (2015). Pre- and Perinatal Massage Therapy Certification Workshop Student Guide (Special Document).

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Yali AM, Lobel M. Coping and distress in pregnancy: an investigation of medically high risk women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Mar;20(1):39-52. doi: 10.3109/01674829909075575.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10212886 (View on PubMed)

Yüksel, F., Akın, S., & Durna, Z. (2011). "Prenatal Distres Ölçeği"nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması ve Faktör Analizi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 8(3), 43-51.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Osborne, C., Kolakowski, M., & Lobenstine, D. M. (2021). Pre- and Perinatal Massage Therapy (M. Law & W. Lee (eds.); Third edit). Handspring Publishing Limited. https://www.handspringpublishing.com/product/pre-and-perinatal-massage-third-edition/

Reference Type RESULT

Other Identifiers

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16-ASYO-017

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Yeliz Çakır Koçak

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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