Use of an Adaptive Sensory Environment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Patients in the Perioperative Environment

NCT ID: NCT04994613

Last Updated: 2023-12-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-09-20

Study Completion Date

2022-06-01

Brief Summary

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The objective of this study is to prospectively examine the preoperative anxiety scores of ASD patients in an adaptive sensory environment. Additionally, the investigators aim to determine the relationship of severity of sensory integration in ASD patients and their preoperative anxiety scores. The study will also study the family satisfaction with tailored care of their ASD child in the peri-operative environment.

Detailed Description

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At Dayton Children's, all patients with autism or other developmental delays are called prior to the day of surgery by child life specialists to obtain a coping plan to be entered into the EHR. Those patients that meet the criteria will be approached via telephone call 24-48 hours prior to procedure by the research team to describe the study and gauge interest in participating.

The pilot study will recruit a total of sixty patients in two parallel groups randomized to 1:1 allocation: control group (standard practice with no sensory adaptive environment) or intervention group (sensory adaptive environment). Patients will be randomized in varying block sizes using a random number generator to ensure equal numbers in each group. The random allocation, block sizes, and block sequences will be concealed from study personnel and each patient until the time a patient is assigned to a group.

In the preoperative area of main campus perioperative services there are three dedicated adaptive sensory friendly rooms for patients to await surgery. For the sensory adaptive environment, the room will be set up in accordance with the patient's coping plan and individual needs regarding sound, light, activity level, and other stimuli. The equipment may include a portable popcorn tube with fiberoptic cart, handheld marble panel, color changing floor tiles, other sensory friendly objects, and individual sensory toys.

After registration and informed consent, the patient will be placed in either a standard preoperative room (control) or the dedicated sensory rooms (intervention) in the preoperative surgery area based on prior randomization. The patient's behaviors will be recorded by a research assistant at three time points (registration, nursing intake in preoperative room, and immediately prior to transition to operating room) by utilizing the validated modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). The mYPAS is the most widely used tool for assessing preoperative anxiety in children. The total score on the mYPAS will be the primary outcome for the study.

In addition to the mYPAS measurements, the patient will be evaluated in the operating room utilizing the validated Child Induction Behavioral Assessment Scale (CIBA). The CIBA is a 3-category behavioral assessment for documenting children's behavioral responses to induction of anesthesia. The 3 categories, Smooth, Moderate, and Difficult have associated behavioral descriptions that are scored at the time of anesthesia induction. The CIBA will be evaluated by the assigned anesthesia staff and documented in the EHR, as current standard practice.

While the patient is in the procedure, families will fill out two questionnaires in the waiting room. The first is a 23-item questionnaire (Patient Experience Study Survey) regarding the patient preoperative experience.

The second questionnaire is the Short Sensory Profile 2 (SSP-2), which assesses the patient's sensory processing abilities. The SSP-2 score will be used as a surrogate for the severity of sensory sensitivity in the study patient.

In addition to the SSP-2, the following independent variables will be extracted from the medical record: patient demographics (sex, age, weight), ASA score designated by anesthesiologist, diagnosis and health history, procedure, home medications, preoperative medications including dose and route, intraoperative medications, event times and durations (including preoperative wait time, transport to OR time, induction to anesthesia ready, case length, \& recovery time), and first recovery room pain score (documented by PACU RN via FLACC score).

Conditions

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Autism Spectrum Disorder Anesthesia Procedural Anxiety Sensory Processing Disorder

Keywords

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Pediatric Anesthesia Autism Spectrum Disorder Procedural Anxiety

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The control group will be standard practice with no sensory adaptive environment and the intervention group with be a sensory adaptive environment. Patients will be randomized in varying block sizes using a random number generator to ensure equal numbers in each group.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors
The random allocation, block sizes, and block sequences will be concealed from study personnel and each patient until the time a patient is assigned to a group.

Study Groups

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Control Group

The patient will be reserved a standard room in the preoperative area of main campus. This room will not include any additional sensory equipment. The child will be allowed to use any comfort items the family brought with them or offered a hospital iPad, as is current practice for all outpatient surgery patients.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Sensory Adaptive Environment Group

One of the three dedicated adaptive sensory rooms in the preoperative area of main campus will be set up by nursing and child life staff in accordance with the patient's coping plan and individual needs regarding sound, light, activity level, and other stimuli. The equipment may include a portable popcorn tube with fiberoptic cart, handheld marble panel, color changing floor tiles, other sensory friendly objects, and individual sensory toys. This room will be set up prior to the patient's arrival the day of surgery and reserved for their use.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sensory adaptive environment

Intervention Type OTHER

A dedicated, private room that is set up in accordance with the patient's coping plan and individual needs regarding sound, light, activity level, and other stimuli.

Interventions

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Sensory adaptive environment

A dedicated, private room that is set up in accordance with the patient's coping plan and individual needs regarding sound, light, activity level, and other stimuli.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Formal diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Asperger's Syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder NOS
2. Presenting for outpatient surgery at Dayton Children's Hospital main campus

Exclusion Criteria

1. A coping plan is not able to be obtained prior to day of surgery
2. An American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) risk score greater than 3
3. Non-English speaking
4. Refusal of participation by guardian
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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The Robert C. Cohn Research Endowment

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Dayton Children's Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Sean Antosh

Pediatric Anesthesiologist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sean P Antosh, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Dayton Children's Hospital

Locations

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Dayton Children's Hospital

Dayton, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Elliott AB, Holley AL, Ross AC, Soleta AO, Koh JL. A prospective study comparing perioperative anxiety and posthospital behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder vs typically developing children undergoing outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018 Feb;28(2):142-148. doi: 10.1111/pan.13298. Epub 2017 Dec 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29226493 (View on PubMed)

Arnold B, Elliott A, Laohamroonvorapongse D, Hanna J, Norvell D, Koh J. Autistic children and anesthesia: is their perioperative experience different? Paediatr Anaesth. 2015 Nov;25(11):1103-10. doi: 10.1111/pan.12739. Epub 2015 Sep 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26338278 (View on PubMed)

Taghizadeh N, Davidson A, Williams K, Story D. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its perioperative management. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015 Nov;25(11):1076-84. doi: 10.1111/pan.12732. Epub 2015 Aug 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26248302 (View on PubMed)

Swartz JS, Amos KE, Brindas M, Girling LG, Ruth Graham M. Benefits of an individualized perioperative plan for children with autism spectrum disorder. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017 Aug;27(8):856-862. doi: 10.1111/pan.13189. Epub 2017 Jun 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28618130 (View on PubMed)

Cermak SA, Stein Duker LI, Williams ME, Dawson ME, Lane CJ, Polido JC. Sensory Adapted Dental Environments to Enhance Oral Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015 Sep;45(9):2876-88. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2450-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25931290 (View on PubMed)

Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, Bagnall AL, Finley JD, Hofstadter MB. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: how does it compare with a "gold standard"? Anesth Analg. 1997 Oct;85(4):783-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199710000-00012.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9322455 (View on PubMed)

Winterberg AV, Ding L, Hill LM, Stubbeman BL, Varughese AM. Validation of a Simple Tool for Electronic Documentation of Behavioral Responses to Anesthesia Induction. Anesth Analg. 2020 Feb;130(2):472-479. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003945.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30531219 (View on PubMed)

Simpson K, Adams D, Alston-Knox C, Heussler HS, Keen D. Exploring the Sensory Profiles of Children on the Autism Spectrum Using the Short Sensory Profile-2 (SSP-2). J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 May;49(5):2069-2079. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-03889-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30673910 (View on PubMed)

Chojnicka I, Pisula E. Adaptation and psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Short Sensory Profile 2. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov;98(44):e17689. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017689.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31689792 (View on PubMed)

Hanna AH, Ramsingh D, Sullivan-Lewis W, Cano S, Leiter P, Wallace D, Andrews G, Austin B, Applegate RL 2nd. A comparison of midazolam and zolpidem as oral premedication in children, a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018 Dec;28(12):1109-1115. doi: 10.1111/pan.13501. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30328648 (View on PubMed)

Kerimoglu B, Neuman A, Paul J, Stefanov DG, Twersky R. Anesthesia induction using video glasses as a distraction tool for the management of preoperative anxiety in children. Anesth Analg. 2013 Dec;117(6):1373-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a8c18f.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24257388 (View on PubMed)

Lee J, Lee J, Lim H, Son JS, Lee JR, Kim DC, Ko S. Cartoon distraction alleviates anxiety in children during induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2012 Nov;115(5):1168-73. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31824fb469. Epub 2012 Sep 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23011563 (View on PubMed)

Antosh S, Drennan C, Stolfi A, Lawson R, Huntley E, McCullough-Roach R, Hill M, Adelekan T, Vachhrajani S. Use of an adaptive sensory environment in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative environment: a parallel, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2024 Apr 18;33:100736. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100736. eCollection 2024 May.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38645550 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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21-037

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id