A Research Study to Compare Two Types of Insulin, a New Weekly Insulin, Insulin Icodec and an Available Daily Insulin, Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Mealtime Insulin, in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Daily Insulin and Mealtime Insulin (ONWARDS 4)

NCT ID: NCT04880850

Last Updated: 2025-12-04

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

582 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-05-14

Study Completion Date

2022-06-16

Brief Summary

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This study compares insulin icodec (a new insulin taken once a week) to insulin glargine (an insulin taken once daily which is already available on the market) in people with type 2 diabetes.

The study will look at how well insulin icodec taken weekly controls blood sugar compared to insulin glargine taken daily.

Participants will either get insulin icodec that participants will have to inject once a week on the same day of the week or insulin glargine that participants will have to inject once a day at the same time every day. Which treatment participants will get is decided by chance. Participants will also get a mealtime insulin.The insulin is injected with a needle in a skin fold in the thigh, upper arm or stomach.

The study will last for about 8 months. participants will have 17 clinic visits and 13 phone calls with the study doctor.At 8 clinic visits participants will have blood samples taken. At 4 clinic visits participants cannot eat or drink (except for water) for 8 hours before the visit. Participants will be asked to wear a sensor that measures their blood sugar all the time in 3 periods for a total of 13 weeks (about 3 months) during the study.

Women cannot take part if pregnant, breast-feeding or plan to become pregnant during the study period.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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insulin icodec + insulin aspart

Participants will get once weekly injections in combination with 2-4 times daily injections of insulin aspart

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Insulin icodec

Intervention Type DRUG

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin icodec once weekly for 26 weeks

Insulin aspart

Intervention Type DRUG

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin aspart 2-4 times daily for 26 weeks

Insulin glargine + insulin aspart

Participants will get once daily injections in combination with 2-4 times daily injections of insulin aspart

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Insulin glargine

Intervention Type DRUG

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin glargine once daily for 26 weeks

Insulin aspart

Intervention Type DRUG

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin aspart 2-4 times daily for 26 weeks

Interventions

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Insulin icodec

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin icodec once weekly for 26 weeks

Intervention Type DRUG

Insulin glargine

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin glargine once daily for 26 weeks

Intervention Type DRUG

Insulin aspart

Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of insulin aspart 2-4 times daily for 26 weeks

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Male or female aged above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent.
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) greater than or equal to 180 days prior to the day of screening.
* Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from 7.0-10.0% (53.0 85.8 mmol/mol) both inclusive at screening confirmed by central laboratory analysis.
* Treated with once daily basal insulin (neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, insulin degludec, insulin detemir, insulin glargine 100 units/mL, or insulin glargine 300 units/mL) and 2-4 daily injections of bolus insulin analog (insulin aspart, faster acting insulin aspart, insulin lispro, insulin glulisine) greater than or equal to 90 days prior to the day of screening with or without any of the following anti-diabetic drugs/regimens with stable doses greater than or equal to 90 days prior to screening:

Metformin / Sulfonylureas / Meglitinides (glinides) / DPP-4 inhibitors / SGLT2 inhibitors / Thiazolidinediones / Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors / Oral combination products (for the allowed individual oral anti-diabetic drugs) / Oral or injectable GLP-1-receptor agonists

* Body mass index (BMI) below or equal to 40.0 kg/m\^2.

Exclusion Criteria

* Any episodes (as declared by the subject or in the medical records.) of diabetic ketoacidosis within 90 days prior to the day of screening.
* Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic attack within 180 days prior to the day of screening.
* Chronic heart failure classified as being in New York Heart Association Class IV at screening.
* Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medications (for more than 14 consecutive days) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g. treatment with orlistat, thyroid hormones, or corticosteroids).
* Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus examination performed within the past 90 days prior to screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Novo Nordisk A/S

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Clinical Transparency (dept. 1452)

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Novo Nordisk A/S

Locations

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City Hospital #5

Barnaul, , Russia

Site Status

Lynn Institute of the Ozarks

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

Anaheim Clinical Trials

Anaheim, California, United States

Site Status

John Muir Physicians Network

Concord, California, United States

Site Status

Valley Research

Fresno, California, United States

Site Status

Diabetes/Lipid Mgmt & Res Ctr

Huntington Beach, California, United States

Site Status

Valley Clinical Trials, Inc.

Northridge, California, United States

Site Status

Clinical Trials Research_Sacramento_0

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Diabetes Research Center

Tustin, California, United States

Site Status

Coastal Metabolic Research Center

Ventura, California, United States

Site Status

Diablo Clinical Research, Inc.

Walnut Creek, California, United States

Site Status

Chase Medical Research LLC

Waterbury, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

MedStar Diabetes Institute

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Jacksonville Ctr For Clin Res

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Clinical Trial Res Assoc,Inc

Plantation, Florida, United States

Site Status

Metabolic Research Institute Inc

West Palm Beach, Florida, United States

Site Status

Atlanta VA Medical Center

Decatur, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Physicians Research Assoc. LLC

Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States

Site Status

East West Med Res Inst

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Saltzer Medical Group Research

Nampa, Idaho, United States

Site Status

Velocity Clin. Res Valparaiso

Valparaiso, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Ochsner Clinic Foundation

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

Brigham & Women's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

MassResearch, LLC

Waltham, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Jefferson City Medical Group, PC

Jefferson City, Missouri, United States

Site Status

VA NEB - Western IA Health Stm

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

Methodist Physicians Clin

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

Palm Research Center Inc-Vegas

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Site Status

AMC Community Endocrinology

Albany, New York, United States

Site Status

Northport VA Medical Center_Northport_0

Northport, New York, United States

Site Status

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse, New York, United States

Site Status

Southgate Medical Group, LLP

West Seneca, New York, United States

Site Status

Mountain Diabetes & Endocrine Center

Asheville, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Physician's East Endocrinology

Greenville, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Your Diabetes Endocrine Nutrition Group, Inc.

Mentor, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Oregon Health & Science University_Portland_0

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Indiana-Armstrong Endocrinology Associates

Indiana, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Prisma Health-Upstate

Greenville, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

AM Diabetes And Endocrinology Center

Bartlett, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

WR-ClinSearch, LLC

Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Holston Medical Group

Kingsport, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Vanderbilt Diab Obes Clin Tri

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Amarillo Med Spec LLP

Amarillo, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Diab & Endo, P.A.

Austin, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Diabetes & Endocrinology

Austin, Texas, United States

Site Status

Osvaldo A. Brusco MD PA

Corpus Christi, Texas, United States

Site Status

Baylr Sctt White Rs Inst, Endo

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Velocity Clinical Res-Dallas

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

North Texas Endocrine Center

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

UT Southwestern Med Cntr

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Protenium Clinical Research_Hurst

Fort Worth, Texas, United States

Site Status

DCOL Ctr for Clin Res

Longview, Texas, United States

Site Status

Capital Clin Res Ctr,LLC

Olympia, Washington, United States

Site Status

Imeldaziekenhuis - Bonheiden - Department of Endocrinology

Bonheiden, , Belgium

Site Status

CHU Helora - Site Warquignies

Boussu, , Belgium

Site Status

Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc - Serv Endocrinologie - Diabétologie

Brussels, , Belgium

Site Status

UZA - UZ Antwerpen - Department of Endocrinology

Edegem, , Belgium

Site Status

UZ Leuven - Endocrinology

Leuven, , Belgium

Site Status

Kurnool Medical Collage

Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India

Site Status

Medanta - The Medicity Multi-Speciality Hospital, Gurugram

Gurgaon, Haryana, India

Site Status

St.John's Hospital

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Bangalore Clinisearch

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Lifecare Hospital and Research Centre

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Belgaum Diabetes Centre

Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Manipal Hospital, Hebbal, Bengaluru

Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Renai Medicity

Kochi, Kerala, India

Site Status

Prince Aly Khan Hospital

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

BSES MG hospital

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Grant Medical Foundation

Pune, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket

New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

Site Status

Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi

New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

Site Status

Maulana Azad Medical College

Delhi, New Delhi, India

Site Status

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Dehli, New Delhi, India

Site Status

S.C.B. Medical College

Cuttack, Odisha, India

Site Status

Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrine Centre

Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Site Status

A.O.U. Università Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"

Napoli, Campania, Italy

Site Status

Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Renato Dulbecco

Catanzaro, Cz, Italy

Site Status

Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele

Milan, MI, Italy

Site Status

A.O.Universitaria S.ORSOLA-MALPIGHI - U.O.Endocrinologia e Cura

Bologna, , Italy

Site Status

Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio

Chieti, , Italy

Site Status

Universita Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza - Policlinico Umberto I Medicina Sperimentale

Roma, , Italy

Site Status

Hayashi Diabetes Clinic_Internal Medicine and Diabetes Medicine

Chigasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan, Japan

Site Status

Futata Tetsuhiro Clinic Meinohama_Internal medicine

Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, , Japan

Site Status

Sasaki Internal Medicine

Hokkaido, , Japan

Site Status

Naka Kinen Clinic_Internal medicine

Ibaraki, , Japan

Site Status

Sugimoto Clinic,Internal Medicine

Kitakyusyu-shi, Fukuoka, , Japan

Site Status

Shimizu Clinic Fusa

Saitama, , Japan

Site Status

Oyama East Clinic_Internal Medicine

Tochigi, , Japan

Site Status

The Jikei University Hospital Dept of Diabetes, Metabolic

Tokyo, , Japan

Site Status

Noritake Clinic

Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki, , Japan

Site Status

Centro de Investigacion Medica de Occidente S.C.

Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico

Site Status

Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González_Monterrey

Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

Site Status

Unidad Biomedica Avanzada Monterrey

Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

Site Status

Gelre Ziekenhuizen Apeldoorn

Apeldoorn, , Netherlands

Site Status

Rijnstate Ziekenhuis

Arnhem, , Netherlands

Site Status

Maxima Medisch Centrum

Eindhoven, , Netherlands

Site Status

Bethesda Diabetes Research Center en Bethesda ziekenhuis

Hoogeveen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum

Maastricht, , Netherlands

Site Status

Ikazia Ziekenhuis

Rotterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht

Utrecht, , Netherlands

Site Status

Institutul National De Diabet Nutritie Si Boli Metabolice Prof.Dr.N.Paulescu Bucuresti- Ion Movila

Bucharest, Bucurestii, Romania

Site Status

Spitalul Judetean de Urgenta Targoviste

Târgovişte, Dâmbovița County, Romania

Site Status

Sc Mediab Srl

Târgu Mureş, Mureș County, Romania

Site Status

Mariodiab Clinic SRL

Brasov, , Romania

Site Status

S.C. Medcon S.R.L

Buzău, , Romania

Site Status

Clinical Emergency Sf. Apostol Andrei Hospital

Galati, , Romania

Site Status

Tumen State Medical University

Tyumen, Russia, Russia

Site Status

Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital

Arkhangelsk, , Russia

Site Status

KSFMU, Inrereginal Clinical Diagnostic center

Kazan', , Russia

Site Status

Kirov Clinical Hospital #7

Kirov, , Russia

Site Status

Limited Liability Company "AriVa-Med"

Kursk, , Russia

Site Status

City Clinical Hospital №52

Moscow, , Russia

Site Status

LLC "Centr Targetnoy Terapii"

Moscow, , Russia

Site Status

Limited Law Company "Healthy Family" Medicine Center"

Novosibirsk, , Russia

Site Status

SPb SBHI City Outpatient clinic #37

Saint Petersburg, , Russia

Site Status

Regional clinical cardiology dispensary

Saratov, , Russia

Site Status

Countries

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United States Belgium India Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands Romania Russia

References

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Philis-Tsimikas A, Bajaj HS, Begtrup K, Cailleteau R, Gowda A, Lingvay I, Mathieu C, Russell-Jones D, Rosenstock J. Rationale and design of the phase 3a development programme (ONWARDS 1-6 trials) investigating once-weekly insulin icodec in diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Feb;25(2):331-341. doi: 10.1111/dom.14871. Epub 2022 Oct 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 36106652 (View on PubMed)

Mathieu C, Asbjornsdottir B, Bajaj HS, Lane W, Matos ALSA, Murthy S, Stachlewska K, Rosenstock J. Switching to once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin glargine U100 in individuals with basal-bolus insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 4): a phase 3a, randomised, open-label, multicentre, treat-to-target, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2023 Jun 10;401(10392):1929-1940. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00520-2. Epub 2023 May 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 37156252 (View on PubMed)

Mohan V, Kesavadev J, Murthy LS, Anil G, Chandrappa M, Kar S, Mishra S. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec in Indian Participants with Diabetes: Results from ONWARDS 1, 4, and 6 Studies. Diabetes Ther. 2025 Nov;16(11):2193-2212. doi: 10.1007/s13300-025-01799-4. Epub 2025 Oct 6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 41051694 (View on PubMed)

Philis-Tsimikas A, Krogsdahl Bache J, Fu A, Kellerer M, Salvesen-Sykes K, Bain SC. Insights on Hospitalisations from the Phase 3a ONWARDS 1-6 Trials of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec. Diabetes Ther. 2025 Aug;16(8):1615-1631. doi: 10.1007/s13300-025-01745-4. Epub 2025 Jun 4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40465144 (View on PubMed)

Riddell MC, Heller S, Carstensen L, Rocha TMP, Kehlet Watt S, Woo VC. The effect of once-weekly insulin icodec vs once-daily basal insulin on physical activity-attributed hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of ONWARDS 1-5. Diabetologia. 2025 Jul;68(7):1416-1422. doi: 10.1007/s00125-025-06414-6. Epub 2025 Apr 5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40186685 (View on PubMed)

Watada H, Asbjornsdottir B, Nishida T, Nishimura R, Yamamoto Y, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily basal insulin in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: A subgroup analysis of the ONWARDS 1, 2 and 4 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024 Dec;26(12):5882-5895. doi: 10.1111/dom.15960. Epub 2024 Sep 30.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39344833 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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U1111-1247-5269

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2020-000474-16

Identifier Type: EUDRACT_NUMBER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NN1436-4480

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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