Efficacy of PC6 Electroacupuncture in the Prevention of Nausea Vomiting in Caesarean Patient Under Spinal Anaesthesia

NCT ID: NCT04801277

Last Updated: 2021-03-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

100 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-09-01

Study Completion Date

2021-04-30

Brief Summary

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To determine the ability of electroacupuncture on PC6 versus sham acupuncture in reducing incidence of intraoperative and postoperative nausea vomiting in parturients who underwent Caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia

Detailed Description

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Caesarean rate in most countries are increasing year by year. A report shows that the caesarean section rate for government hospitals in Malaysia was 10.5% in 2000 and 11.0% in 20011 and it rises to 25% of total delivery in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Malaysia in year 2018. Nowadays, about 7% of all surgical procedures worldwide are caesarean section and the majority of them are performed with neuraxial blockade, ie epidural anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, or a combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE).

Nausea and vomiting are common intraoperative and postoperative complications in women having caesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia.Compared to the plethora of literatures about PONV, little attention has been paid to nausea vomiting occurring during or after regional anesthesia. These techniques gain increasing attention.

Current literature review indicates a high incidence of IONV during CS under spinal anesthesia up to 80%4. The etiology of intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV and PONV) is multifactorial. Pregnant women are already likely to suffer from nausea and vomiting because of the pregnancy itself. According to Apfel's score predictive of PONV score that consists of four ascertained risk factors (female, non-smoker, opioid use, previous PONV events or motion sickness), parturients often meet at least two of these criteria with their gender and non-smoker status.

Despite the practice of prescribing antiemetic prophylaxis medication, the incidence of nausea and vomiting in CS patient is still up to 30-50%6. The efficacy of antiemetic drugs is limited and their administration is not free from side effects. Nausea and vomiting not only causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and adversely affects wound healing, but also leads to increased wound pain, discomfort, and anxiety among post partum patient. This may further lead to increased medical expenses and extended hospital stay, leaving patient with the overall negative surgical experience. Hence, the idea of multimodal therapy in prophylaxis of IONV and PONV arises.

Non-pharmacological techiniques such as acupuncture, acupressure,and transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation of the pericardium 6(PC6) Neiguan point have been studied for the prevention of PONV. The increasing popularity of these modalities is, in part, due to their low cost, simplicity, and in obstetrics, concern about placental transfer and secretion in breast milk of drugs.

It is hypothesized that PC6 electroacupunture stimulation will reduce the incidence of IONV and PONV and reduce the usage of antiemetic drugs in post partum patient.

Conditions

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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Randomized double blinded
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Acupuncture on PC6 and LI4

Acupuncture on bilateral acupoints, that are PC6 and LI4. The pericardium meridian PC6 point (Neiguan) is defined as follows. The patient's four fingerbreadths will be placed on the medial aspect of their forearm with the edge of the 4th finger on the wrist crease. This is then subtracted from the width of the interphalangeal joint of her thumb. The point between the tendons of extensor carpi radialis and palmaris longus was the pericardium meridian PC6 point (Neiguan). The large intestine LI4 point (Hegu) located on the dorsum of the hand, between the first and second metacarpal bones, at the midpoint of the second metacarpal bone and close to its radial border.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Electroacupuncture on acupoints vs sham points

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Randomized double blinded clinical trial

Acupuncture on Sham acupoints

Acupuncture on bilateral non acupoints. In sham/placebo group, patient will have the acupuncture needles inserted at non-acupoint 2cm radial to PC6 and between 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone bilaterally, superficial skin piercing (adequate depth to let patient feels needle is inserted)

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

Electroacupuncture on acupoints vs sham points

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Randomized double blinded clinical trial

Interventions

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Electroacupuncture on acupoints vs sham points

Randomized double blinded clinical trial

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Parturients (36-42 weeks pregnant) aged 18-45 undergoing planned for Caesarean Section.
* American Society of Anaesthesiology class II patients only

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with a previous history of PONV or nausea and vomiting in the preceding 24 hours
* Patients who required emergent surgery where delay is inappropriate and can compromise mother and foetus, e.g. foetal distress, foetal bradycardia, chorioamnionitis, cord prolapse, severe preeclampsia
* Patients with documented or known history of allergy to granisetron
* Morbid obesity (BMI\>40) as morbid obesity patient will be not be given intrathecal morphine due to increase risk of post operative respiratory depression.
* Patients using any antiemetic drug including dexamethasone for 24 hours prior to Caesarean section (CS)
* Patient who had an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator device. (safety of the use of electroacupuncture on these patient is questionable)
* Patient who received opioids prior to CS (opioid is known to have nausea and vomiting side effect)
* Patient refusal
* Severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus on treatment, neurological or cardiac disease.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Chan See Yun

Obstetric Anaesthesiologist and acupuncturist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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See Yun Chan

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh

Locations

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Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh

Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Malaysia

Central Contacts

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See Yun Chan

Role: CONTACT

+60125700148

Chek Ning Lee

Role: CONTACT

+60125342845

Facility Contacts

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See Yun Chan

Role: primary

+60125700148

References

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Macario A, Weinger M, Truong P, Lee M. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are both common and important to avoid? The perspective of a panel of expert anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg. 1999 May;88(5):1085-91. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199905000-00023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10320175 (View on PubMed)

Jelting Y, Klein C, Harlander T, Eberhart L, Roewer N, Kranke P. Preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anesthesia for cesarean section: challenges and solutions. Local Reg Anesth. 2017 Aug 9;10:83-90. doi: 10.2147/LRA.S111459. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28860857 (View on PubMed)

Balki M, Carvalho JC. Intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2005 Jul;14(3):230-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.12.004.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15935649 (View on PubMed)

Arnberger M, Stadelmann K, Alischer P, Ponert R, Melber A, Greif R. Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade at the P6 acupuncture point reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology. 2007 Dec;107(6):903-8. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000290617.98058.d9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18043058 (View on PubMed)

Pierre S, Benais H, Pouymayou J. Apfel's simplified score may favourably predict the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth. 2002 Mar;49(3):237-42. doi: 10.1007/BF03020521.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11861340 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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NMRR-19-3279-51524

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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