Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
80 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2021-06-29
2026-12-31
Brief Summary
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Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) After Kidney Transplantation
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Detailed Description
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For many transplant patients, glycemic control in the immediate post-operative period can be an additional challenge. Glycemic control may be hindered by recent surgery, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, altered nutritional intake and reduced mobility.
Diabetes professional organizations such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) recommend continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for anyone on intensive insulin therapy. The biggest benefit of CGM is not just the actual glucose value, but also its direction and rate of change. CGM data can also be downloaded and reflect patterns of glycemic control throughout the day and night, including not only the average blood glucose but also time-in-range (TIR) and degrees of glycemic variability. This can help identify unnotified nightly hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and help titrate medications to achieve better glycemic control. Self-Management of blood glucose (SMBG) is a key component in effective glycemic management, but it places a large burden on the patient. Prior to CGM, SMBG was the only option to measure daily blood glucose fluctuations, but it is an imperfect tool. For patients on insulin, a blood glucose is checked at minimum 4 times per day, prior to meals and at bedtime. Additionally, the utility of SMBG can be endangered by patient decision making, the ability to check blood glucose, adherence to testing regimen, error due to poor testing technique, inadequate blood supply, contamination on fingers, or inaccuracy of some systems.
Numerous studies have shown the clinical benefit of CGM in the type-1 diabetes (T1D) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) populations (ref: Beck, Olafsdottir). The DIAMOND group (Beck) showed that CGM improved HBA1C and reduced hyperglycemia (BG\>180). Patients wearing the CGM had high satisfaction scores and low perceived burden. CGM is still a new tool outside of the Type 1 Diabetes population but may have significant benefits for any patient on insulin. In Feb 2019 an international guideline on TIR (defined as blood glucose of 70-180 mg/dL) was published and TIR may become a new standard for assessing glycemic control.
The investigators research focuses on TIR and the benefits of CGM in the kidney transplant population. This can be essential for timely adjustments of insulin dosages when dealing with glycemic derangements and steroid induced hyperglycemia. CGM can provide an immense opportunity for a continuous 24/7 view of glucose values, glycemic variability, direction of change and unrecognized blood glucose levels during nighttime, and influence of food and activity on blood glucose values. In addition to the metrics described; the glucose management indicator (GMI) or also named estimated A1C (eA1C) is a measure converting the mean glucose from CGM using a formula derived from glucose readings from a population of individuals, into an estimate of a simultaneously measured laboratory A1C, this value may serve as an additional tool in assessing glycemic control. In conclusion: the use of a CGM can aid the provider and care team in better titration of insulin and medication regimen adjustment. This research hopes to give insight in a very complex population that has not had access to CGM before.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
NONE
Study Groups
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Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
Those in the intervention arm will wear a continuous glucose monitoring device. They only need to perform blood glucose fingersticks if the CGM transmission is lost for a prolonged period of time or in cases of hypo- or hyperglycemia when symptoms don't align with blood glucose readings.
Dexcom G6
access to continuous glucose monitoring in the Dexcom G6 arm 24/7
Self monitoring of blood glucose (fingersticks)
The control arm will remain on standard-of-care SMBG while the intervention arm will use their CGM. The control arm utilizing SMBG will be required to have at minimum 4 glucose checks per day.
Dexcom G6 blinded sensor
retrospective access to continuous glucose profile after 10 days of wear
Interventions
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Dexcom G6
access to continuous glucose monitoring in the Dexcom G6 arm 24/7
Dexcom G6 blinded sensor
retrospective access to continuous glucose profile after 10 days of wear
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Received a kidney transplant within the past year with functioning kidney (eGFR \> 30 mL/min
3. Person with Type 2 Diabetes and on insulin
4. Access to home wi-fi connection
Exclusion Criteria
2. Patients taking hydroxyurea
3. Patient unable to wear the Dexcom G6 device at all times for any reason
4. Must be able to test blood glucose with meter 4x a day when on blinded CGM.
5. Presence of clinically significant visual or cognitive impairment
6. Illiterate
7. Prisoners
8. Women who are pregnant, who plan to become pregnant during the course of the study, or who are breastfeeding
9. Presence of clinically unstable cardiovascular disease
10. Active malignancy treatment
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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University of California, Davis
OTHER
DexCom, Inc.
INDUSTRY
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Ling Chen, MD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
UCDavis Transplant Nephrology
Locations
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UC Davis Health
Sacramento, California, United States
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Beck RW, Riddlesworth TD, Ruedy K, Ahmann A, Haller S, Kruger D, McGill JB, Polonsky W, Price D, Aronoff S, Aronson R, Toschi E, Kollman C, Bergenstal R; DIAMOND Study Group. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Usual Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Sep 19;167(6):365-374. doi: 10.7326/M16-2855. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Beck RW, Riddlesworth T, Ruedy K, Ahmann A, Bergenstal R, Haller S, Kollman C, Kruger D, McGill JB, Polonsky W, Toschi E, Wolpert H, Price D; DIAMOND Study Group. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Jan 24;317(4):371-378. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19975.
Olafsdottir AF, Polonsky W, Bolinder J, Hirsch IB, Dahlqvist S, Wedel H, Nystrom T, Wijkman M, Schwarcz E, Hellman J, Heise T, Lind M. A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Nocturnal Hypoglycemia, Daytime Hypoglycemia, Glycemic Variability, and Hypoglycemia Confidence in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (GOLD-3). Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Apr;20(4):274-284. doi: 10.1089/dia.2017.0363. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
Edelman SV, Argento NB, Pettus J, Hirsch IB. Clinical Implications of Real-time and Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov;41(11):2265-2274. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1150.
Saisho Y. Use of Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire in Diabetes Care: Importance of Patient-Reported Outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 9;15(5):947. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050947.
Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, Einhorn D, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bush MA, DeFronzo RA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Perreault L, Rosenblit PD, Samson S, Umpierrez GE. CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM - 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Endocr Pract. 2020 Jan;26(1):107-139. doi: 10.4158/CS-2019-0472. No abstract available.
American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(Suppl 1):S98-S110. doi: 10.2337/dc20-S009.
Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, Amiel SA, Beck R, Biester T, Bosi E, Buckingham BA, Cefalu WT, Close KL, Cobelli C, Dassau E, DeVries JH, Donaghue KC, Dovc K, Doyle FJ 3rd, Garg S, Grunberger G, Heller S, Heinemann L, Hirsch IB, Hovorka R, Jia W, Kordonouri O, Kovatchev B, Kowalski A, Laffel L, Levine B, Mayorov A, Mathieu C, Murphy HR, Nimri R, Norgaard K, Parkin CG, Renard E, Rodbard D, Saboo B, Schatz D, Stoner K, Urakami T, Weinzimer SA, Phillip M. Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019 Aug;42(8):1593-1603. doi: 10.2337/dci19-0028. Epub 2019 Jun 8.
Longo R, Sperling S. Personal Versus Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring: When to Use Which on Whom. Diabetes Spectr. 2019 Aug;32(3):183-193. doi: 10.2337/ds18-0093.
American Diabetes Association. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jan;43(Suppl 1):S77-S88. doi: 10.2337/dc20-S007.
Other Identifiers
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1554226
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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