Effectiveness of Nurse-coordinated Follow-up Program in Primary Care for People at Risk for T2DM

NCT ID: NCT04688359

Last Updated: 2023-05-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

81 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-11-01

Study Completion Date

2023-01-19

Brief Summary

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Previous Icelandic studies regarding prevalence of diabetes have mostly used data from the capital area. Information on the proportion of people at risk at developing T2DM or having undiagnosed T2DM among people living in rural Northern Iceland is unknown. Clinical guidelines recommend that patients with prediabetes (diabetes warning signs) should be referred to a counselling program. The study will evaluate effectiveness of nurse-coordinated Guided Self-Determination (GSD) follow up program toward health promotion, for people at risk of T2DM.

Detailed Description

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Prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) a major health problem is rising. This metabolic disease characterized by the inability to effectively metabolize glucose, and often also a silent and sneaky onset. A lag is often found between diagnose and onset of the disease. Diabetes related complications are expensive for the society, and reduce quality of life for the individual.

Around one out of three with T2DM in an Icelandic study were unaware of their T2DM when fasting blood glucose was measured. In the U.S.A., the average interval between onset of the disease and diagnose is seven years, and the authors claimed that 30% of people with T2DM are undiagnosed, with increased risk for chronic diabetes complications higher Cardiovascular risk factors (CVR), and higher premature death for people with early onset of T2DM compared to late onset of T2DM.

Research have shown 1.83-fold higher risk of CVD for those with prediabetes and 2.26-fold higher risk for individuals with undiagnosed diabetes compared to individuals with normal HbA1c. These results highlight the pivotal need to prevent development of diabetes, as there is an association between increased obesity and increased prevalence of T2DM as Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is also found to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Icelandic people and especially men are becoming more overweight. From the years 1968-2012, body mass index (BMI) increased by 11%, from 25.8 kg/m2 to 28.7 kg/m2 for men between 50-69 years. In women 50-69 years, the BMI increased from 25.2 kg/m2 to 27.2 kg/m2, or 8%. These results highlight the pivotal need to prevent development of diabetes in Iceland, as there is an association between increased obesity and increased prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

A Guided Self-Determination (GSD) is based on a strong theoretical value and is a well establish nurse-led interventional method for people diagnosed with T2DM and other diseases. To our knowledge this is the first time that GSD is used in Iceland. Nurses working in primary care, at The Health Care Institution of North Iceland (HSN), in Akureyri, Husavik and Sauðarkrokur, will offer the GSD intervention. Before the intervention the nurses will receive teaching and consultation from an experienced GSD diabetic nurse. During their use of the GSD method they will have counseling from the experienced GSD nurse and the PhD student. A systematic review claimed, that multi-professional interventions are more effective in improving diabetes care compared to single professional interventions.

A recent Cochrane review using data from 18 trials, investigated the impact of nurses working as substitutes for primary care doctors. The results demonstrate that using the capacity and skills of nurses to deliver primary healthcare services leads to similar or better patient health and higher patient satisfaction. As such, this might be an important strategy to improve access, efficiency, and quality of care, and at the same time strengthen health promotion aspects of care and management of chronic diseases and increase teamwork in primary care.

This study is a part of doctoral student study. This PhD project is collaboration between University of Akureyri, Iceland (UNAK), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) and the Health Care Institution of North Iceland (HSN). HVL has a considerably experience in researching diabetes through the Diabetes Research Group for BEST Practice (DiaBEST). The research group DiaBEST consist of researchers from Bergen University Collage, the University of Bergen and the University of Stavanger. The projects contribute to increase knowledge about and implementation of evidence-based practice within primary care.

Conditions

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Pre-diabetes Cardiovascular Risk Factor T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) Primary Health Care

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

2 groups one intervention group and one control group
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
The participants is informed of two groups but not which group he is allocated in.

Study Groups

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Intervention group

Those receiving nurse-lead Guided Self Determination (GSD) for one to three times over six months starting four to six months after recruitment and first measurement.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Guided Self Determination

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Nurse lead intervention in primary care

Control group

Those not receiving nurse-lead Guided Self Determination (GSD) for one to three times over six months starting four to six months after recruitment and first measurement.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Guided Self Determination

Nurse lead intervention in primary care

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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GSD

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2,
* score ≥ 9 on FINDRISC,
* HbA1c level ≥ 42 mmol/mol.
* Non-blood-glucose-lowering medical treated T2DM.

Exclusion Criteria

* People diagnosed with Diabetes at strart-point.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Akureyri

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Arun K Sigurdardottir, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of Akureyri

Locations

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University of Akureyri

Akureyri, , Iceland

Site Status

Countries

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Iceland

References

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Andersen K, Aspelund T, Gudmundsson EF, Siggeirsdottir K, Thorolfsdottir RB, Sigurdsson G, Gudnason V. [Five decades of coronary artery disease in Iceland. Data from the Icelandic Heart Association]. Laeknabladid. 2017 Oktober;103(10):411-420. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2017.10.153. Icelandic.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29044036 (View on PubMed)

Kong AP, Luk AO, Chan JC. Detecting people at high risk of type 2 diabetes- How do we find them and who should be treated? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jun;30(3):345-55. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27432070 (View on PubMed)

American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2016 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2016 Jan;34(1):3-21. doi: 10.2337/diaclin.34.1.3. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26807004 (View on PubMed)

Zoffmann V, Kirkevold M. Realizing empowerment in difficult diabetes care: a guided self-determination intervention. Qual Health Res. 2012 Jan;22(1):103-18. doi: 10.1177/1049732311420735. Epub 2011 Aug 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21876206 (View on PubMed)

IDF.org,( 2017). International Diabetes Federation,Webside. About Diabetes.accessed 28th of June 2018

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Bahler C, Huber CA, Brungger B, Reich O. Multimorbidity, health care utilization and costs in an elderly community-dwelling population: a claims data based observational study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Jan 22;15:23. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-0698-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25609174 (View on PubMed)

Thorsson B, Aspelund T, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Gudnason V. [Trends in body weight and diabetes in forty years in Iceland]. Laeknabladid. 2009 Apr;95(4):259-66. Icelandic.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19420407 (View on PubMed)

Zhang Y, Hu G, Zhang L, Mayo R, Chen L. A novel testing model for opportunistic screening of pre-diabetes and diabetes among U.S. adults. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 19;10(3):e0120382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120382. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25790106 (View on PubMed)

World Health Organization. (2018). Diabetes fact sheet. Available from: World Health Organization, web site: http: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheeds/fs312/en (accessed 28. June 2018)

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Saaristo T, Moilanen L, Jokelainen J, Korpi-Hyovalti E, Vanhala M, Saltevo J, Niskanen L, Peltonen M, Oksa H, Cederberg H, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S. Cardiometabolic profile of people screened for high risk of type 2 diabetes in a national diabetes prevention programme (FIN-D2D). Prim Care Diabetes. 2010 Dec;4(4):231-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 Jun 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21134669 (View on PubMed)

Steinarsson AO, Rawshani A, Gudbjornsdottir S, Franzen S, Svensson AM, Sattar N. Short-term progression of cardiometabolic risk factors in relation to age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: a longitudinal observational study of 100,606 individuals from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Diabetologia. 2018 Mar;61(3):599-606. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4532-8. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29318343 (View on PubMed)

Laurant M, van der Biezen M, Wijers N, Watananirun K, Kontopantelis E, van Vught AJ. Nurses as substitutes for doctors in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 16;7(7):CD001271. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30011347 (View on PubMed)

Gustafsdottir SS, Sigurdardottir AK, Arnadottir SA, Heimisson GT, Martensson L. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, HLS-EU-Q16: the Icelandic version. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jan 14;20(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8162-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31937293 (View on PubMed)

Seidu S, Walker NS, Bodicoat DH, Davies MJ, Khunti K. A systematic review of interventions targeting primary care or community based professionals on cardio-metabolic risk factor control in people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016 Mar;113:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.022. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26972954 (View on PubMed)

Arnardottir E, Sigurdardottir AK, Skinner T, Graue M, Kolltveit BH. Prediabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the effectiveness of a guided self-determination counselling approach in primary health care, a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 1;24(1):3035. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20538-1.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39487428 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://www.who.int/

Diabetes fact sheet 2018

http://idf.org

International Diabetes Federation webside

Other Identifiers

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UAkureyri

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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