Diagnostic Accuracy of CAD4TB and C-reactive Protein Assay as Triage Tests for Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

1400 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-02-15

Study Completion Date

2022-08-11

Brief Summary

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In the TB TRIAGE+ ACCURACY study, the accuracy of the following products will be determined:

* CAD4TB (Delft Imaging System, NL), a digital chest x-ray analysis software
* Afinion CRP assay (Alere Afinion, USA), which detects a cytokine induced acute phase protein

CAD4TB and the C-reactive protein assay are two tests with great potential of becoming a triage test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). These potential triage tests for TB are intended to serve as rule-out tests with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value.

Before impact and cost-effectiveness of new TB triage tests for intensified active case finding can be determined, the diagnostic test accuracy needs to be assessed in comparison to confirmatory reference tests. This accuracy study will define cut-off values for CAD4TB as well as for the Afinion CRP assay to be used in a future cluster-randomised trial on impact and cost-effectiveness of TB triage strategies for intensified active case finding in Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

A sub-study (detailed in a separate study protocol), hereafter called AHD-FEASIBILITY, explores the feasibility of implementing a series of point-of-care tests, including the new VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease Test (Omega Diagnostics, UK) as part of the WHO-recommended advanced HIV Disease care package in the context of community-based HIV/TB campaigns.

Due to the coinciding pandemics and the overlapping symptoms of TB and COVID-19, it is critical to test for SARS-Cov-2 infections in the study population. In addition, this study will contribute to the evaluation of a novel SARS-Cov-2 antigen rapid diagnostic test (from the diagnostic pipeline of FIND) and CAD4COVID, a digital chest x-ray analysis software (Delft Imaging System, NL) in combination with differential white blood cell count.

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Detailed Description

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This is a prospective, partially blinded, two-centre cross-sectional study in which the diagnostic test accuracy of CAD4TB and an Afinion CRP assay test for TB will be assessed at facility level by evaluating a sample of 1400 adults (age ≥18years) with one or more TB symptoms (WHO recommended four-symptom screening; cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever) of any duration.

Presumptive TB patients will be recruited (i) at the outpatient departments of the Butha-Buthe District Hospital (Butha-Buthe, Lesotho) and the Caluza Clinic (Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) and (ii) during community-based health campaigns by SolidarMed in Lesotho and HSRC in South Africa. Participants will be enrolled after giving written informed consent.

Study procedures comprise the following (detailed in the schedule of events): collection of contact, anthropometric, demographic and clinical data, HIV testing and counselling per national guidelines, collection of capillary blood for HIV testing, Afinion CRP assay, differential white blood cell count, VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease Test (if HIV-positive), CrAg Lateral Flow Assay (if HIV positive and CD4 count \<200 cells/μl as per VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease Test, and no history of cryptococcal meningitis treatment); collection of urine (if HIV positive) for Alere Determine TB LAM Ag test; chest radiography for CAD4TB and CAD4COVID analysis and remote expert reading; nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-Cov-2 real-time PCR and SARS-Cov-2 antigen test, collection of two spot sputa samples (S1,S2) for Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (S1) and for mycobacterial culture \[MGIT\] (S2). At week 12 (±2weeks), we will contact each participant by phone and collect data on their vital status, and any TB treatment since enrolment. For individuals on TB treatment, further information, e.g. on reasons for empirical treatment, will be collected at the health facility the participant started TB treatment.

Conditions

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Diagnosis Covid-19 HIV

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Adult presumptive TB cases

Adult presumptive TB cases (age ≥18years) with one or more TB symptoms (WHO recommended four-symptom screening; cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever) of any duration.

Accuracy of CAD4TB and Afinion CRP assay for pulmonary TB

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

CAD4TB version 6 and 7: Software tool for detecting lung abnormalities in computer tomogram images (pulmonary abnormalities) and frontal chest radiograph images (tuberculosis abnormalities) ; availability is guaranteed by Delft Imaging System; EC 0344 Certificate (vs.6); CE mark pending (vs.7). Will be performed by a registered and qualified radiographer in accordance with national regulations.

Afinion AS100 Analyzer and Afinion CRP: In vitro diagnostic to determine the amount of CRP in human whole blood, serum or plasma; CE-mark ; Will be performed by qualified, GCP-trained study personnel.

CAD4COVID+WBC and COVID-19 RDT for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

CAD4COVID: Non-commercial product. Software tool for detecting pneumonia-related features to be expected in COVID-19 patients; availability is guaranteed by Delft Imaging System; CE certified. Will be performed by a registered and qualified radiographer/health professional in accordance with national regulations. Analysis in combination with differential white blood cell count.

SD Biosensor, STANDARDTM Q COVID-19 Ag Test (rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific antigens to SARS-CoV-2)

Interventions

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Accuracy of CAD4TB and Afinion CRP assay for pulmonary TB

CAD4TB version 6 and 7: Software tool for detecting lung abnormalities in computer tomogram images (pulmonary abnormalities) and frontal chest radiograph images (tuberculosis abnormalities) ; availability is guaranteed by Delft Imaging System; EC 0344 Certificate (vs.6); CE mark pending (vs.7). Will be performed by a registered and qualified radiographer in accordance with national regulations.

Afinion AS100 Analyzer and Afinion CRP: In vitro diagnostic to determine the amount of CRP in human whole blood, serum or plasma; CE-mark ; Will be performed by qualified, GCP-trained study personnel.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

CAD4COVID+WBC and COVID-19 RDT for SARS-CoV-2 infection

CAD4COVID: Non-commercial product. Software tool for detecting pneumonia-related features to be expected in COVID-19 patients; availability is guaranteed by Delft Imaging System; CE certified. Will be performed by a registered and qualified radiographer/health professional in accordance with national regulations. Analysis in combination with differential white blood cell count.

SD Biosensor, STANDARDTM Q COVID-19 Ag Test (rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific antigens to SARS-CoV-2)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Willing and able to provide signed written consent or witnessed oral consent in the case of illiteracy, prior to undertaking any study-related procedure
2. Adults (≥18 years)
3. Any of the cardinal symptoms of TB (cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever) of any duration

Exclusion Criteria

1. Pregnancy (based on oral information from participant)
2. Any condition for which participation in the study, as judged by the investigator, could compromise the well-being of the subject or prevent, limit or confound protocol specified assessments
3. Critically sick patients who need immediate medical care
4. Current anti-TB treatment

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No