Multimodal Neurobiological Approaches to Explore the Gene-Environment Interactions in ADHD

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

202 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-09-19

Study Completion Date

2023-07-05

Brief Summary

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Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with monoamine transporter genes, including dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2), and serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) as well as the important role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Hence, investigating how genes and environments interact with each other may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ADHD. In this 3-year project, investigators will explore the complex gene-environment interplay in ADHD with multimodal neurobiological approaches, including neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and metabolites, in order to identify the crucial pathophysiological pathways from genes to the brain.

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Detailed Description

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In the present project, investigators aim to explore the complex gene-environment interplay in children with ADHD to identify the crucial pathophysiological pathways from genes to the brain. To achieve our objective, investigators will use multimodal neurobiological approaches to effectively resolve the four major challenges in exploring gene-environment interactions on ADHD.

1. investigators will use multiple levels of neurobiological approaches to identify the interactions between monoamine transporter genes and environment on ADHD, including neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and neuroactive metabolites in plasma, which will provide larger effects than clinical diagnosis.
2. investigators will employ correlation analyses to test for the presence of correlations between the monoamine transporter genotypes and the environmental factors.
3. investigators will use both categorical (diagnosis of ADHD) and dimensional (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms of ADHD) approaches to assess the interaction effects between monoamine transporter genes and environment.
4. investigators will conduct interactions with ageitems to model more accurately the effects of age, which may be non-linearly related to the neurobiological basis of ADHD.

Conditions

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Monoamine Transporter Genes Environmental Factors

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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ADHD GROUP

Subjects with clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to the DSM-V criteria

No interventions assigned to this group

TD GROUP

Typically development controls without lifetime diagnosis with ADHD

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Children or adolescents, between 7 and 16 years of age, must have clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
* They have to be medication-naïve. They never receive any medication for the treatment of ADHD.
* They and their parents must understand sufficiently to communicate properly with the investigators.
* They must have a Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient(FIQ) score greater than 80.

Exclusion Criteria

* They have a major psychiatric comorbid disorder, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, affective disorders, or autism spectrum disorder.
* They have a past history of seizure, or they are taking antiepileptic drugs.
* They have a past history of substance dependence or abuse, including nicotine, alcohol, amphetamine, or any over-the-counter medication.
* They have a past history of major systemic disease.
* They are using Chinese herbs or health supplements.

Minimum Eligible Age

7 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes